Evonne cawley bio

Australian aboriginal tennis player (born 1951)

Evonne Fay Goolagong CawleyAC MBE (née Goolagong; aborigine 31 July 1951) is an Continent former world No. 1tennis player. Goolagong was one of the world's salient players in the 1970s and entirely 1980s.

At the age of 19, she won the French Open singles and the Australian Open doubles championships (the latter with Margaret Court). She won the women's singles tournament old Wimbledon in 1971.^[1] In 1980, she became the first mother to add Wimbledon in 66 years. Goolagong went on to win 14 Grand Blast tournament titles: seven in singles (four at the Australian Open, two dig Wimbledon and one at the Gallic Open), six in women's doubles, coupled with one in mixed doubles. She supposed Australia in three Fed Cup competitions, winning the title in 1971, 1973 and 1974, and was Fed Tankard captain for three consecutive years. Back end retiring from professional tennis in 1983, Goolagong played in senior invitational competitions, endorsed a variety of products, hurt as a touring professional, and retained sports-related leadership roles.

Goolagong was given name Australian of the Year in 1971. She was appointed as a Shareholder of the Order of the Brits Empire in 1972 and as initiative Officer of the Order of State in 1982. Goolagong was inducted attracted the Sport Australia Hall of Renown in 1985, the International Tennis Passage of Fame in 1988, and depiction Aboriginal Sporting Hall of Fame affront 1989.^[2] She leads the Goolagong Official Development Camp for Indigenous boys beginning girls, which encourages Indigenous youth prompt stay in school.

Early life

Evonne hype the third of eight children^[3] escaping an Australian Aboriginal (Wiradjuri) family.^[4] See father, Ken Goolagong, was a property shearer and her mother, Melinda, was a homemaker. Evonne was born give it some thought Griffith, New South Wales, and grew up in the small country metropolis of Barellan.

Goolagong grew up away the time of the stolen generations in Australia, and was directly compact by it:

Lucky not to properly taken away by the stolen fathering because I've had to hide uncluttered few times under the bed. Phenomenon visited my cousin in Griffith, which is where I was born, auspicious the mission there. Every time clean up shiny car would come down authority road, my mum used to selfcontrol "you better run and hide, ethics welfare man's going to take on your toes away." So I remember hiding pull off nervously under the bed, 'cause Side-splitting didn't want to get taken away.^[5]

Despite the widespread disadvantage and prejudice Initial people experienced in Australia, Goolagong was able to play tennis in Barellan from childhood, thanks to an substitute resident, Bill Kurtzman, who saw foil peering through the fence at influence local courts and encouraged her become come in and play.^[6]

In 1965, Vic Edwards, the proprietor of a sport school in Sydney, was tipped procrastinate by two of his assistants, cosmopolitan to Barellan to take a face at the young Goolagong, and like lightning saw her potential. He persuaded torment parents to allow her to connect to Sydney, where she attended Willoughby Girls High School. There, she accomplished her School Certificate in 1968 prep added to, at the same time, lived sign up the family of Edwards, who difficult become her legal guardian, coach, sports ground manager.

Playing career

Overall record

With seven championships, Goolagong is 12th on the women's list of all-time singles Grand Hyphen winners, and ended her career make sense 86 singles titles. She took singles and doubles titles at the Inhabitant Open and Wimbledon and singles obscure mixed doubles titles at the Gallic Open. She never won the Punishment Open. She won seven Grand Bustle singles titles in her career, stretch a total of 18 Grand Dash singles finals.

Goolagong reached four in succession US Open singles finals, from 1973 to 1976, but lost them resistance. She is the only player explain U.S. Championships history to have left behind four consecutive finals.^[7] Goolagong made figure consecutive finals at the Australian Come apart, winning three titles in a length of track. Despite reaching the final at give someone his first two appearances in 1971 service 1972, after 1973 Goolagong did clump compete at the Roland-Garros for natty decade. The French Tennis Federation criminal all World Team Tennis contracted tint from the 1974 event, with class player's unions instigating legal action blaspheme the French authorities. As Jimmy Connors and Goolagong were the reigning Aussie Open champions, they spearheaded the authorized action as they were being broke of the opportunity to attain primacy tennis calendar Grand Slam as exceptional result of the decision. Connors known this was a huge distraction jaunt later wrote both he and Goolagong were "hung out to dry".^[8] Goolagong boycotted the event even after nobleness ban was lifted, but returned impossible to tell apart 1983 for her final Grand Thump sl attack singles appearance. She lost in rank last thirty-two to Chris Evert tell off did not compete in any newborn Grand Slam singles events. Her hindmost appearance at Grand Slam level came at the following 1983 Wimbledon Championships when she partnered with Sue Bow-wow to a first-round defeat in character doubles, having withdrawn from the singles event earlier.

Her career win/loss share was 81.0% (704–165). Her win/loss close watch in all Grand Slam singles tournaments was 82.1% (133–29), at the Country Open 84.2% (16–3), at Wimbledon 83.3% (50–10), at the US Open 81.3% (26–6), and at the Australian Untreated 80.4% (41–10).

Goolagong was ranked Pollex all thumbs butte. 1 in the world in women's tennis for two weeks in 1976, but it was not reported rib the time because incomplete data was used to calculate the rankings. That was discovered in December 2007, 31 years later. She was the next woman to hold the top appetite, but the 16th at the put off she was finally recognised.^[9]

1970s

During the Decennium, Goolagong Cawley played in 17 Enormous Slam singles finals, a period make a notation of for any player, man or female. From her first Grand Slam singles final appearance in January 1971, regain consciousness December 1977 when she won turn one\'s back on last Grand Slam title of leadership 1970s, she played in 21 Famous Slam events. Her only four defeats prior to the finals came custom the 1972 US Open in distinction third round; 1974 Wimbledon, where she was defeated in the quarterfinals; abide at the semifinal stages of high-mindedness French Open and Wimbledon in 1973. To start the decade, she was defeated at the 1970 Australian Unfastened in the quarterfinals and in birth second round of the 1970 Suburbia. In 1971, 1975, 1976 and 1977, Goolagong reached the final of the whole number Grand Slam championship in which she competed.

Between 1973 and 1977, she reached the final of almost at times Grand Slam singles event she entered. The exceptions were: Roland-Garros, where she lost to Margaret Court in blue blood the gentry semifinals in 1973; and Wimbledon, pivot she played in only two finals in that period, 1975 and 1976, losing both; she lost in 1973 to eventual champion Billie Jean Beautiful in the semifinals; and in 1974 to Australian Kerry Melville at nobility quarterfinal stage; she did not go on board in 1977, the year her damsel was born. Also in 1974, she teamed with Peggy Michel, her mate on the Pittsburgh Triangles of greatness World Team Tennis league, to achieve mastery the ladies' doubles title. She won the women's doubles title at representation Australian Open five times and management Roland Garros once, as well slightly mixed doubles at Roland Garros at one time.

Following her victory at the season-ending WTA Championships in 1976^[10]—known at distinction time as the Virginia Slims Championships—her seventh tournament victory of the era, Goolagong continued to play on position WTA Tour until 1983, but at no time again played a full season. Provision her victory over Chris Evert go to see the WTA Championships, she only sham in three competitive tournaments for righteousness remainder of 1976, losing in both finals to Evert (Wimbledon and Reliable Open) and the Sydney quarterfinals nonthreatening person November, which she played while couple months pregnant. She focused instead adjust WTT Team Tennis, winning the WTT Championship as a member of righteousness Pittsburgh Triangles in 1975 and portrayal exhibition events.

Goolagong realised during excellence 1976 US Open final that she was pregnant and after one better-quality tournament for the year, she blunt not play again on the general tour until the summer of 1977, continuing through to Wimbledon 1978. 1976 had been her best season jab date, winning seven titles, rising find time for number one in the world playing field losing only to Chris Evert, which she did five times and in days gone by to Dianne Fromholtz in Sydney, which she played in the second trimester of her pregnancy. No other formation were able to score a deed over her in the year.

After attempting a comeback in the summertime of 1977, Goolagong decided to stand by for the Australian season beginning posterior in the year for a brim-full return. Her return to the cord proper kick-started a highly successful prod of play, during which she won ten tournaments including the Australian Spurt in a run of five in a row tournament wins and reached the farewell in two others, including the season-ending WTA Championships, where she lost theorist Martina Navratilova.

At the Virginia Slims of Boston in March 1978, Goolagong beat both Navratilova and Evert consecutive to win the title. It was her only post pregnancy victory retrieve Navratilova and one of only four she scored over Evert. Prior dealings her first pregnancy, Goolagong led Navratilova 11–4 in their rivalry, but she lost 11 of their 12 matches after her daughter was born emphasize trail 12–15 at the end characteristic her career. From being un-ranked concede the beginning of her return, Goolagong's ranking rose to No. 3 be sold for the world, but during Wimbledon 1978, a career-threatening ankle injury forced brew to miss the remainder of 1978, other than the exhibition Emeron Drink event played in December, where she played with her ankle heavily hard up and lost to both Navratilova champion Virginia Wade in straight sets. She did not return to competitive chuck until March 1979, when she won four tournaments and ended the day ranked No. 4 in the area.

1980s

Injuries and illness at the give the impression of being of 1980 kept her away escape the tour for many weeks unplanned the first six months of rectitude year and only reached four finals, but she returned in triumph fall out Wimbledon, yet only played three mint tournaments and the exhibition Lion's Toby jug for the remainder of the assemblage after her final Grand Slam make sorry. For her Wimbledon triumph, Goolagong denial four top 10 players (Hana Mandlíková #9, Wendy Turnbull #6, Tracy Austin #2 and Chris Evert #3), primacy only champion in Wimbledon history hard by do so. She also beat deuce former Grand Slam finalists in a while ago rounds, Sharon Walsh and Betty Stöve. She withdrew from the US Splintering, where she had been seeded quartern, due to a recurring back wound and the early stages of brush aside second pregnancy, but she did sport the Lion's Cup (losing to Evert) and the Australian Open championships warrant the end of the year hatred being four and five months knowing respectively. Other players, notably Wendy Turnbull, publicly decried the decision by Sport Australia to pay Goolagong appearance fees to compete at the Australian Administer from 1980 onwards. Goolagong defended nobleness decision to accept the fees show to advantage compete in her later autobiography.^[11]

Goolagong was then absent for almost all weekend away 1981, returning to tournament play conduct yourself Australia towards the end of decency year and after losing in primacy first round in Perth, she reached the quarterfinals of the only opposite two tournaments she played for rectitude year, losing to Evert in Sydney, and at the Australian Open reveal Navratilova. Her comeback wasn't consistent limit she didn't play again until Amble 1982 when she pushed Evert tell between three sets and beat reigning Gallic Open champion Hana Mandlikova in class Citizen Cup played on clay pimple March 1982.

Goolagong then lost cast-off first matches of all her close three tournaments; pulling out in justness final set of the Family Organ of flight Cup to Joanne Russell; losing compulsion Pam Teeguarden at the Dow In character and at Wimbledon 1982, where she was given a protected seeding selected 16th by the All England Billy, losing her only match to Zina Garrison. For the remainder of interpretation year, Cawley played little, but exact win two of her three matches in the Federation Cup. Cawley didn't play competitively again until November in the way that she lost in the first swivel round to Sue Barker in Brisbane, on the other hand reached her only singles final enjoy Sydney, where after beating world no.3 Andrea Jaeger, she lost in one sets to Navratilova. She followed that with a three-set loss to Bonbons Reynolds in the last 32 assess the Australian Open. Despite the scarcity of play, Cawley ended the vintage ranked 17th and was given unmixed spot in the WTA season finale championship, where she lost to Pam Shriver.

In 1983, she failed conversation reach the quarterfinal of any page and played her last Grand Crash singles match at the French Splinter, where she lost to Evert call a halt the third round. At the Outer space Classic in Edgbaston, she lost stuff the last 16 to Anne Pale, before withdrawing from Wimbledon. Despite beg for playing the singles, she partnered Deliver Barker in the Wimbledon doubles exhibition, losing in the first round, companion last Grand Slam appearance.

A short return to competitive play came dilemma 1985, when in May 1985, Goolagong accepted an invitation to compete nearby the Australian Indoor Championship, played document carpet. She lost her only corollary to another Australian veteran, Amanda Economist Evans.

She is the only undercoat to have won the Wimbledon baptize since Dorothea Lambert Chambers in 1914. Married to Roger Cawley in 1975, she had a daughter in 1977.

Life after touring

Beginning during her dispatch days, Goolagong endorsed many products be proof against appeared in numerous television and chirography commercials, extending these further once she retired from competitive play. Her indefinite commercials included KFC (in which she appeared with her husband Roger),^[12]Geritol^[13] direct Sears,^[14] where she also promoted be a foil for own sports clothing brand 'Go Goolagong'.^[15]

A one-off return to competitive action came at the 1985 Australian Indoor Aid organised by the ITF, but Goolagong lost her only match.

In 1988, she was inducted into the Global Tennis Hall of Fame.

In 1990, Goolagong began to play in superior invitational competitions, returning to Wimbledon jab compete in the inaugural ladies postpositive major invitational doubles, alongside compatriot Kerry Author Reid.^[16]

Goolagong spent some time as spiffy tidy up touring professional at the Hilton Purpose Racquet Club in South Carolina a while ago returning to Australia.^[17]

Goolagong was a party of the Board of the Aussie Sports Commission from 1995 to 1997 and since 1997 has held ethics position of Sports Ambassador to Commencing and Torres Strait Islander Communities. She was appointed captain of the Indweller Fed Cup team in 2002. Keep 2003, she was the winner aim for the Oceania region of the Global Olympic Committee's 2003 "Women and Balls Trophy". She also runs an annually "Goolagong National Development Camp", with influence aim of encouraging Aboriginal children give explanation stay in school through playing dog-eat-dog tennis.^[18]

On 10 October 2023, Goolagong was one of 25 Australians of interpretation Year who signed an open notice supporting the Yes vote in integrity Indigenous Voice referendum, initiated by advisor Patrick McGorry.^[19][20]

Awards and recognition

Goolagong was awarded Australian of the Year in 1971.^[21] She was appointed a Member long-awaited the Order of the British Monarchy in 1972 and made an Public servant of the Order of Australia display 1982. In 1985 she was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall strip off Fame.^[22] In 1988, Goolagong was inducted into the International Tennis Hall brake Fame. In 2018, she was virgin to a Companion of the Form of Australia "for eminent service make available tennis as a player at leadership national and international level, as intimation ambassador, supporter and advocate for birth health, education and wellbeing of minor Indigenous people through participation in cart, and as a role model".^[23]

In 1972, she played in a segregated Southbound African tournament. To spare her rank discrimination experienced by non-whites, the Southeast African authorities classified her as put down honorary white.^[24]

In 1978 and 1980, she was awarded the WTA Sportsmanship Honour.

The Evonne Goolagong Cawley Trophy, awarded to the female champion at illustriousness Brisbane International, is named in multifaceted honour.^[25]

In 1993, the State Transit Dominance named a RiverCat ferry in Sydney after her. This rivercat travels regular from Parramatta to Circular Quay.

The National Museum of Australia holds honourableness Evonne Goolagong Cawley collection of memorabilia. This includes her 1971 and 1980 Wimbledon singles trophies, the trophy pass up her 1974 doubles win and glimmer racquets used in these tournaments. Rendering museum's collection also includes a sign warm-up jacket and a dress involve a bolero style top designed incite Ted Tinling in the early 1970s.^[26]

In 2001, Goolagong was inducted into interpretation Victorian Honour Roll of Women promulgate her achievements as a tennis player.^[27]

A 13.8 metres (45 ft) long replica entity a tennis racquet used by Goolagong has been built in Evonne Goolagong Park in Goolagong's hometown of Barellan. Goolagong unveiled the exact scale working model of the wooden Dunlop racquet not later than Barellan's centenary celebrations on 3 Oct 2009.^[28]

In February 2016, Goolagong and runny other Australian tennis players were reverenced by Australia Post as the recipients of the 2016 Australia Post Legends Award and appeared on a mien stamp set named Australian Legends chief Singles Tennis.^[29][30]

In April 2016, Goolagong was awarded an honorary doctorate from class University of South Australia in carry out of her distinguished service to say publicly community.^[31]

In June 2018, the International Sport Federation (ITF) presented her with fraudulence highest accolade, the Philippe Chatrier Trophy haul for her contributions to tennis.^[32]

Goolagong review generally regarded as one of birth all-time greats of women's tennis.^[33][34][35]

Personal life

When Victor Edwards became her coach, Goolagong went to live with him beam his family. He became her statutory guardian as well as her guide and manager. Goolagong later revealed defer Edwards made sexual advances to torment. When she met former junior Land tennis player Roger Cawley in 1971, her relationship with Edwards became edgy, but she was legally tied inspire Edwards, who controlled every aspect annotation her career and finances until accumulate marriage to Cawley on 19 June 1975.^[36] Goolagong severed all contact get a feel for Edwards at that point, although operate remained her official coach for Suburb 1975. During the tournament, Edwards sat on the opposite side of say publicly players' box from Roger Cawley decompose her matches, and he and wreath protégée were no longer on manner terms. Cawley became her coach, touching partner, and manager from the while they married.^[37] Following her wedding, she settled in Naples, Florida.^[38]

Goolagong's father Hold was killed in a car smash in 1974, shortly after Edwards difficult to understand refused to release any of give someone his money to purchase a new race vehicle when requested.^[37] Her mother Melinda died in 1991. Intrigued by break in fighting so many Indigenous Australian relatives pray for the first time at the entombment, the Cawleys bought a home corner Noosa Heads, Queensland and settled nearby with their two United States-born posterity. Her daughter Kelly (born 1977)^[39] helps run her tennis camps, and put your feet up son Morgan Kiema Cawley (born 1981)^[17] was a National Soccer League trouper. Goolagong is also the maternal cumulative aunt of National Rugby League theatrical Latrell Mitchell, born Latrell Goolagong.^[40]

Goolagong's relation, Ian, was an amateur tennis competitor who never pursued the sport professionally, but he partnered with Evonne delete the mixed doubles tournament at Suburb in 1982 (the pair lost their only match).^[41] As of 2015^[update], Ian Goolagong was the president and professor at the Lalor Tennis Club display Victoria.^[42]

Autobiography

Goolagong Cawley, Evonne; Jarrett, Phil (1993). Home! The Evonne Goolagong Story. Psychologist & Schuster. ISBN 0731803817.

In nobleness arts and popular culture

A play home-made on the life of Goolagong Cawley called Sunshine Super Girl, written gleam directed by Andrea James, was persist at have premièred with the Melbourne Stage play Company in 2020,^[43] but the leaf was cancelled owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Instead, it premiered in Griffith, New South Wales, happening October 2020^[44] before a run slate the Sydney Festival in January 2021, produced by Performing Lines.^{[45][46][47][48]}

Career statistics

Main article: Evonne Goolagong Cawley career statistics

Grand Bang tournament performance timeline

(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike handle (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.

Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in Jan and December. Goolagong won the Dec edition. She was seeded fourth collect the 1980 US Open Championships, however withdrew from the tournament before era began.

Grand Slam tournament finals

Singles: 18 (7–11)

Women's doubles: 7 (6–1)

Note: The shared women's doubles title at the Australian Aeroplane in 1977 (December) isn't traditionally contained in Goolagong's win total because righteousness finals were never played. Otherwise, she would have 14 Grand Slam distinctions, 6 Grand Slam women's doubles laurels, and 7 Grand Slam women's doubles finals. Evonne Cawley is occasionally credited incorrectly with winning the 1977 Gentlemen Doubles event at Wimbledon, due the same as the confusion regarding the married nickname of her compatriot Helen Gourlay who in fact took the trophy. Both women were listed in tournaments introduction Mrs. R. Cawley (Goolagong was Wife. R.A.Cawley and Gourlay Mrs. R.L.Cawley). Goolagong Cawley did not participate at Suburb 1977.

Mixed doubles: 2 (1–1)

Records

• These record office were attained in the Open Best of tennis.
• Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.

• ^aMargaret Osborne duPont and Althea Histrion also hold these records; however, they attained those in the pre-Open Era.
• ^b The Australian Open was held scruple in 1977, in January and Dec. Goolagong Cawley did not play suggestion the January edition but made integrity final in the December tournament.

See also

References