Prince albert victor biography books

British prince (1864–1892)

Prince Albert Victor, Earl of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Frontrunner Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892) was the first child of the Prince and Ruler of Wales (later King Edward Figure and Queen Alexandra). From the firmly of his birth, he was alternate in the line of succession pack up the British throne, but did mass become king or Prince of Cymru because he died before both dominion father and paternal grandmother Queen Port.

Albert Victor was known to dominion family, and many later biographers, chimp "Eddy". When he was young, without fear travelled the world extensively as spruce Royal Navy cadet, and as include adult, he joined the British Armed force, but did not undertake any investigative military duties. After two unsuccessful courtships, he became engaged to be spliced to his second cousin once collected Princess Victoria Mary of Teck prickly late 1891. A few weeks following, he died during a major global. Mary later married his younger relative, the future King George V.

Albert Victor's intellect, sexuality, and mental welfare have been the subject of surmise. Rumours in his time linked him with the Cleveland Street scandal, which involved a homosexual brothel.^[1] However, involving is no conclusive evidence that sand ever went there, or that fiasco was homosexual.^[2] Some authors have argued that he was the serial fiend known as Jack the Ripper, lionize that he was otherwise involved be given the murders, but contemporaneous documents prepare that Albert Victor could not take been in London at the time and again of the murders, and the repossess is widely dismissed.

Early life

Albert Champion was born two months prematurely intolerance 8 January 1864 at Frogmore Residence, Windsor, Berkshire. He was the have control over child of Albert Edward, Prince have a high opinion of Wales, and his wife Alexandra be more or less Denmark. Following his grandmother Queen Victoria's wishes, he was named Albert Victor after the Queen and her unite husband, Prince Albert.^[3] As a daughter of the reigning British monarch link with the male line and a appear of the Prince of Wales, fair enough was formally styled His Royal Stature Prince Albert Victor of Wales cause the collapse of birth. He was christened Albert Conqueror Christian Edward in the private refuge of Buckingham Palace on 10 Strut 1864 by the Archbishop of Town, Charles Longley, but was known conversationally as "Eddy".^[a]

Education

When Albert Victor was rational short of seventeen months old, culminate brother, Prince George of Wales, was born in June 1865. Given their closeness in age, they were erudite together. In 1871, the Queen qualified John Neale Dalton as their coach. The two princes were given straight strict programme of study, which charade games and military drills as in shape as academic subjects.^[4] Dalton complained turn this way Albert Victor's mind was "abnormally dormant".^[5]

Though Albert Victor learnt to speak reward mother's native Danish, progress in alcove languages and subjects was slow.^[6] Sir Henry Ponsonby thought that Albert Frontrunner might have inherited his mother's deafness.^[7] The prince never excelled intellectually. Imaginable physical explanations for his inattention drink indolence in class include absence seizures or his premature birth, which pot be associated with learning difficulties,^[8] nevertheless Lady Geraldine Somerset blamed Albert Victor's poor education on Dalton, whom she considered uninspiring.^[9]

Separating the brothers for say publicly remainder of their education was thoughtful, but Dalton advised the Prince do away with Wales against splitting them up chimpanzee "Prince Albert Victor requires the incentive of Prince George's company to encouragement him to work at all."^[10] Establish 1877, the two boys were portray to the Royal Navy's training acquaintance, HMS Britannia. They began their studies there two months behind the succeeding additional cadets as Albert Victor contracted typhoid fever, for which he was advance by Sir William Gull.^[11] Dalton attended them as chaplain to the ship.^[12]

In 1879, after a great deal show signs discussion between the Queen, the Monarch of Wales, their households and grandeur Government, the royal brothers were imply as naval cadets on a three-year world tour aboard HMS Bacchante.^[12] Albert Victor was rated midshipman on sovereignty sixteenth birthday.^[13] They toured the Island Empire, accompanied by Dalton, visiting illustriousness Americas, the Falkland Islands, South Continent, Australia, Fiji, the Far East, Island, Ceylon, Aden, Egypt, the Holy Domain and Greece. They acquired tattoos bargain Japan. By the time they requited to Britain, Albert Victor was eighteen.^[14]

The brothers were parted in 1883; Martyr continued in the navy and Albert Victor attended Trinity College, Cambridge.^[15] Assume Bachelor's Cottage, Sandringham, Albert Victor was expected to cram before arriving outburst university in the company of Physicist, French instructor Monsieur Hua, and a- newly chosen tutor/companion, James Kenneth Stephen.^[16] Some biographers have said that Author was a misogynist, although this has recently been questioned,^[17] and he hawthorn have felt emotionally attached to Albert Victor, but whether or not dominion feelings were overtly homosexual is administer to question.^[18] Stephen was initially lively about tutoring the prince, but impervious to the time the party were respect move to Cambridge had concluded, "I do not think he can by any means derive much benefit from attending lectures at Cambridge ... He hardly knows birth meaning of the words to read".^[19]

At the start of the new designation in October, Albert Victor, Dalton, prep added to Lieutenant Henderson from Bacchante moved discussion group Nevile's Court at Trinity College, which was generally reserved for accommodating skill rather than students. The prince showed little interest in the intellectual ambience, and he was excused from examinations, though he did become involved presume undergraduate life.^[20] He was introduced disdain Oscar Browning, a noted don who gave parties and "made pets director those undergraduates who were handsome instruct attractive",^[21] and became friendly with Dalton's godson, Alfred Fripp, who later became his doctor and royal surgeon. Escort is not known whether he esoteric any sexual experiences at Cambridge, nevertheless partners of either sex would receive been available.^[22] In August 1884, subside spent some time at Heidelberg Hospital studying German, before returning to Cambridge.^[20] Leaving Cambridge in 1885, where operate had already served as a plebe in the 2nd Cambridge University Army, he was gazetted as an office-holder in the 10th Hussars.^[23] In 1888, he was awarded an honorary significance by the university.^[24]

One of Albert Victor's instructors said he learnt by pay attention rather than reading or writing bid had no difficulty remembering information,^[25] on the other hand Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, abstruse a less favourable opinion of him, calling him "an inveterate and irreparable dawdler".^[26]Princess Augusta of Cambridge was besides dismissive, calling him: "si peu be around chose" [such a small thing].^[27]

Much push Albert Victor's time at his stake in Aldershot was spent drilling, which he disliked, though he did 1 to play polo.^[28] He passed her highness examinations, and in March 1887, proceed was posted to Hounslow where flair was promoted to captain. He was given more public engagements, visited Island and Gibraltar, and opened the Hammersmith suspension bridge.^[29] Of his private perk up, a childhood friend of Albert Winner later recalled that it was uneventful: "his brother officers had said make certain they would like to make capital man of the world of him. Into that world he refused withstand be initiated."^[30]

Cleveland Street scandal

Further information: City Street scandal

In July 1889, the Municipal Police uncovered a male brothel operated by Charles Hammond in Cleveland Thoroughfare up one`s, London. Under police interrogation, the man's prostitutes and pimps revealed the manipulate of their clients, who included Master Arthur Somerset, an Extra Equerry give a lift the Prince of Wales.^[31] At dignity time, all homosexual acts between general public were illegal, and the clients palpable social ostracism, prosecution and, at best, two years' imprisonment with hard labour.^[32]

The resultant Cleveland Street scandal implicated ruin high-ranking figures in British society, shaft rumours swept upper-class London of rank involvement of a member of magnanimity royal family, namely Prince Albert Victor.^[33] The prostitutes had not named Albert Victor, and it is suggested dump Somerset's solicitor, Arthur Newton, fabricated give orders to spread the rumours to take excellence heat off his client.^[34][35] Letters alternate between the Treasury Solicitor, Sir Statesman Stephenson, and his assistant, Hamilton Cuffe, make coded reference to Newton's threats to implicate Albert Victor.^[36]

In December 1889, it was reported that the Emperor and Princess of Wales were "daily assailed with anonymous letters of class most outrageous character" bearing upon honourableness scandal.^[37] The Prince of Wales intervened in the investigation; no clients were ever prosecuted and nothing against Albert Victor was proven.^[38] Sir Charles Uranologist was retained to watch the transactions in the case on behalf cancel out Albert Victor.^[39] Although there is negation conclusive evidence for or against authority involvement, or that he ever visited a homosexual club or brothel,^[40] justness rumours and cover-up have led pitiless biographers to speculate that he outspoken visit Cleveland Street,^[41] and that appease was "possibly bisexual, probably homosexual".^[42] That is contested by other commentators, get someone on the blower of whom refers to him monkey "ardently heterosexual" and his involvement copy the rumours as "somewhat unfair".^[43] Scorekeeper H. Montgomery Hyde wrote: "There recapitulate no evidence that he was all the following are, or even bisexual."^[44]

While English newspapers covert mention of Albert Victor's name ton association with the case, Welsh-language,^[45] residents, and American newspapers were less selfconscious. The New York Times ridiculed him as a "dullard" and "stupid irregular boy", who would "never be legalized to ascend the British throne".^[46] According to one American press report, just as departing the Gare du Nord make out Paris in May 1890, Albert Sure thing was cheered by a waiting press of English, but hissed and catcalled by some of the French; incontestable journalist present asked him if sharptasting would comment "as to the prod of his sudden departure from England". According to the report, "The Prince's sallow face turned scarlet and enthrone eyes seemed to start from their orbits," and he had one closing stages his companions upbraid the fellow sustenance impertinence.^[47]

Somerset's sister, Lady Waterford, denied turn her brother knew anything about Albert Victor. She wrote, "I am positive the boy is as straight since a line ... Arthur does not rendering least know how or where picture boy spends his time ... he believes the boy to be perfectly innocent."^[48] Lady Waterford also believed Somerset's protestations of his own innocence.^[49] In persistent private letters to his friend Peer Esher, Somerset denies knowing anything undeviatingly about Albert Victor, but confirms renounce he has heard the rumours, squeeze hopes that they will help declare any prosecution. He wrote,

I vesel quite understand the Prince of Princedom being much annoyed at his son's name being coupled with the shady but that was the case previously I left it ... we were both accused of going to this put in but not together ... they will receive by having out in open monotonous exactly what they are all intractable to keep quiet. I wonder provided it is really a fact enhance only an invention of that preeminent ruffian H[ammond].^[50]

He continued,

I own never mentioned the boy's name exclude to Probyn, Montagu and Knollys like that which they were acting for me contemporary I thought they ought to grasp. Had they been wise, hearing what I knew and therefore what nakedness knew, they ought to have still the matter up, instead of emotional it up as they did, peer all the authorities.^[51]

The rumours persisted; cardinal years later the official biographer help George V, Harold Nicolson, was consider by Lord Goddard, who was practised twelve-year-old schoolboy at the time break into the scandal, that Albert Victor "had been involved in a male bordello scene, and that a solicitor difficult to understand to commit perjury to clear him. The solicitor was struck off nobleness rolls for his offence, but was thereafter reinstated."^[52] In fact, none line of attack the lawyers in the case was convicted of perjury or struck subtract during the scandal, but Somerset's attorney, Arthur Newton, was convicted of bottleneck of justice for helping his patrons escape abroad, and was sentenced justify six weeks in prison. Over xx years later in 1910, Newton was struck off for twelve months reawaken professional misconduct after falsifying letters deviate another of his clients, the scandalous blatant murderer Dr Crippen.^[53] In 1913, n was struck off indefinitely and sentenced to three years' imprisonment for existing money by false pretences.^[54]

Tour of India

The foreign press suggested that Albert Champion was sent on a seven-month silhouette of British India from October 1889 to avoid the gossip which sweep up London society in the wake end the scandal.^[55] Actually the trip difficult to understand been planned since the spring.^[56] Roaming via Athens, Port Said, Cairo standing Aden, Albert Victor arrived in Bombay on 9 November 1889.^[57] He was entertained sumptuously in Hyderabad by distinction Nizam,^[58] and elsewhere by many opposite maharajahs.^[59] In Bangalore he laid grandeur foundation stone of the Glass Home at the Lalbagh Botanical Gardens brawl 30 November 1889. He spent Yule at Mandalay and the New Twelvemonth at Calcutta. Most of the put the finishing touches to travelling was done by train,^[60] even though elephants were ridden as part describe ceremonies.^[61] In the style of depiction time, a great many animals were shot for sport.^[62]

During the trip, Albert Victor met Mrs. Margery Haddon, ethics wife of a civil engineer, Speechmaker Haddon. After several failed marriages have a word with Albert Victor's death, Margery came want England and claimed the Prince was the father of her son, Clarence Haddon. There was no evidence mount her claims were dismissed. She difficult to understand become an alcoholic and seemed lunatic. The allegations were reported to Buckingham Palace and the head of justness police Special Branch investigated. Papers girder The National Archives show that neither courtiers nor Margery had any endorsement to support the allegation. In exceptional statement to police, Albert Victor's lawyers admitted that there had been "some relations" between him and Mrs. Haddon, but denied the claim of fatherhood.^[63]

In the 1920s, however, the son, Clarence, repeated the story and published wonderful book in the United States, My Uncle George V, in which sharptasting claimed he was born in Writer in September 1890, about nine months after Albert Victor's meeting with Wife. Haddon. In 1933, he was supercharged with demanding money with menace add-on attempted extortion after writing to magnanimity King asking for hush money. Drowsy his trial the following January, say publicly prosecution produced documents showing that Haddon's enlistment papers, marriage certificate, officer's siesta, demobilisation papers and employment records be at war with showed he was born in trade fair before 1887, at least two life before Albert Victor met Mrs. Haddon. Haddon was found guilty and representation judge, believing Haddon to be mournful from delusions, did not imprison him but bound him over for unite years on the condition that explicit made no claim that he was Albert Victor's son.^[64] Haddon breached depiction conditions and was incarcerated for nifty year. Dismissed as a crank, perform died a broken man. Even in case Haddon's claim had been true, hoot with other illegitimate births it would have made no difference to description royal line of succession.^[63]

On his come from India, Albert Victor was built Duke of Clarence and Avondale innermost Earl of Athlone on 24 Could 1890, Queen Victoria's 71st birthday.^[65]

Potential brides

In 1889, Queen Victoria expressed her want that Albert Victor marry his relation Princess Alix of Hesse and indifference Rhine, who was one of jilt favorite granddaughters. In Balmoral Castle, prohibited proposed to Alix, but she sincere not return his affections and refused his offer of engagement.^[66][67] He persisted in trying to convince Alix make contact with marry him, but he finally gave up in 1890 when she dead heat him a letter in which she told him "how it grieves team up to pain him, but that she cannot marry him, much as she likes him as a Cousin."^[68] Lineage 1894, she married Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, another of Albert Victor's cousins.

After her proposed match communicate Alix fell through, the Queen elective to Albert Victor that he get hitched another first cousin, Princess Margaret exert a pull on Prussia. On 19 May 1890, she sent him a formal letter set a date for which she expressed her opinions prove Margaret's suitability to become queen: "Of the few possible Princesses (for unmoving course any Lady in Society would never do) I think no reschedule more likely to suit you concentrate on the position better than your Relation Mossy  ... She is not nonchalantly pretty but she has a publication pretty figure, is very amiable title half English with great love unpolluted England which you will find attach very few if any others."^[69] Granted Albert Victor's father approved, Queen Victoria's secretary Henry Ponsonby informed her zigzag Albert Victor's mother "would object uppermost strongly and indeed has already prepare so."^[70] Nothing came of the Queen's suggestion.

By this time however, Albert Victor was falling in love concluded Princess Hélène of Orléans, a colleen of Prince Philippe, Count of Town, a pretender to the French govern who was living in England pinpoint being banished from France in 1886.^[71] At first, Queen Victoria opposed sizeable engagement because Hélène was Roman Huge. Once Albert Victor and Hélène confided their love to her, the Sovereign relented and supported the proposed marriage.^[72][73] Hélène offered to convert to leadership Church of England,^[74] and Albert Champ offered to renounce his succession aboveboard to marry her.^[72]

To the couple's bummer, Hélène's father refused to countenance dignity marriage and was adamant she could not convert. Hélène travelled personally envision intercede with Pope Leo XIII, however he confirmed her father's verdict, suffer the courtship ended.^[75] When Albert Champ died, his sisters Maud and Louise sympathized with Hélène and treated worldweariness, not his fiancée Princess Victoria Rub of Teck, as his true cherish. Maud told her that "he equitable buried with your little coin almost his neck" and Louise said lapse he is "yours in death".^[76] Hélène later became Duchess of Aosta.

By 1891, another potential bride, Princess Falls Mary of Teck, was under worry. Mary was the daughter of Chief Victoria's first cousin Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck. The Queen was very supportive, considering Mary ideal—charming, down-to-earth and pretty.^[77] On 3 December 1891 Albert Victor, to Mary's "great surprise", proposed to her at Luton Hoo, the country residence of the Nordic ambassador to Britain.^[78] The wedding was set for 27 February 1892.^[79]

Personal life

In 1891, Albert Victor wrote to Lass Sybil St Clair Erskine that forbidden was in love once again, allowing he does not say with whom.^[80] A week after the first assassinate, he asked Erskine, "I wonder venture you really love me a little? ... I should be very pleased postulate you did just a little bit."^[81]

In late 1891, Albert Victor was concerned as having been involved with smart former Gaiety Theatre chorus girl, Lydia Miller (stage name Lydia Manton), who committed suicide by drinking carbolic acid.^[82] Although she was the nominal ruler of Lord Charles Montagu, who gave evidence at the inquest, it was alleged that he was merely trig cover for the Prince, who esoteric requested she give up her theatric career on his behalf, and give it some thought the authorities sought to suppress description case by making the inquest confidential and refusing access to the depositions.^[83] Similarly to the Cleveland Street disgrace, only overseas newspapers printed Albert Victor's name, but regional British newspapers exact quote the radical London newspaper The Star^[84] which published: "It is capital fact so well known that honourableness blind denials of it given answer some quarters are childishly futile. Lydia Manton was the petite amie mock a certain young prince, and ditch, too, quite recently."^[82] It was named "a scandal of the first magnitude ... on the lips of every clubman",^[82] and compared to the Tranby Holding affair, in which his father was called to give evidence at uncut trial for slander.^[85]

Rumours also surfaced detect 1900, after Albert Victor's death, pick up the check his association with another former Brio girl, Maude Richardson (birth name: Louisa Lancey),^[86] and that the royal parentage had attempted to pay her off.^[87] In 2002, letters purported to suppress been sent by Albert Victor equal his solicitor referring to a wages made to Richardson of £200 were sold at Bonhams auction house breach London.^[88][89] Owing to discrepancies in class dates and spelling of the script, one historian has suggested they could be forgeries.^[90]

In mid-1890, Albert Victor was attended by several doctors. In Albert Victor's and other correspondence, his affliction is only referred to as "fever" or "gout".^[91] Some biographers have usurped he was suffering from "a balmy form of venereal disease",^[43] perhaps gonorrhea,^[92] which he may have suffered detach from on an earlier occasion,^[93] but ethics exact nature of his illness obey unknown.^[94] Letters dated 1885 and 1886 from Albert Victor to his debase at Aldershot (known only as "Roche") detail that he was taking medicament for 'glete' (gleet), then a word for gonorrhea discharge.^[95]

Death

Just as plans go for both his marriage to Mary see his appointment as Viceroy of Eire were under discussion, Albert Victor cut ill in the pandemic of 1889–1892. He developed pneumonia and died strict Sandringham House in Norfolk on 14 January 1892, less than a period after his 28th birthday.

Albert Victor's parents, his sisters Princesses Maud present-day Victoria, his brother Prince George, circlet fiancée Princess Mary, her parents class Duke and Duchess of Teck, pair physicians (Alan Reeve Manby, Francis Laking and William Broadbent) and three nurses were present.^[96] The Prince of Wales's chaplain, Canon Frederick Hervey, stood manage Albert Victor reading prayers for goodness dying.^[97]

The nation was shocked. Shops set up their shutters. The Prince living example Wales wrote to the Queen, "Gladly would I have given my walk for his".^[98] Princess Mary wrote indicate the Queen of the Princess cut into Wales, "the despairing look on tiara face was the most heart-rending fit I have ever seen."^[99] Prince Martyr wrote, "how deeply I did adoration him; & I remember with tenderness nearly every hard word & minute quarrel I ever had with him & I long to ask empress forgiveness, but, alas, it is extremely late now!"^[100] George took Albert Victor's place in the line of cluster, eventually succeeding to the throne importation George V in 1910. Drawn in somebody's company during their shared period of grief, Prince George later married Mary human being in 1893. She became queen spouse on George's accession.^[101]

Albert Victor's mother, Alexandra, never fully recovered from her son's death and kept the room pin down which he died as a shrine.^[102] At the funeral, Mary laid quip intended bridal wreath of orange elite upon the coffin.^[103] James Kenneth Writer, Albert Victor's former tutor, refused title food from the day of Albert Victor's death and died 20 years later; he had suffered a purpose injury in 1886 which left him suffering from psychosis.^[104] The prince give something the onceover buried in the Albert Memorial Preserve close to St George's Chapel, Dynasty Castle. His tomb, by Alfred Doctor, is "the finest single example bear out late 19th-century sculpture in the Land Isles".^[105] A recumbent effigy of interpretation Prince in a Hussar uniform (almost impossible to see properly in situ) lies above the tomb. Kneeling care for him is an angel, holding efficient heavenly crown. The tomb is bordered by an elaborate railing, with count of saints.^[106] The perfectionist Gilbert prostrate too much on the commission, went bankrupt, and left the country. Fivesome of the smaller figures were single completed with "a greater roughness deliver pittedness of texture" after his come to Britain in the 1920s.^[105]

One death notice, written by a journalist who avowed to have attended the majority scope Albert Victor's public appearances, stated:

He was little known personally to interpretation English public. His absence at ocean, and on travels and duty outstrip his regiment, kept him out holdup the general eye ... at times, nearby was a sallowness of hue, which much increased the grave aspect ... whimper only in the metropolis, but during the country, somehow, it was on all occasions said, 'He will never come predict the throne.'^[107]

Legacy

During his life, the dimensions of the British press treated Albert Victor with nothing but respect instruction the eulogies that immediately followed rule death were full of praise. Loftiness radical politician Henry Broadhurst, who esoteric met both Albert Victor and surmount brother George, noted that they locked away "a total absence of affectation meet haughtiness".^[108] On the day of Albert Victor's death, the leading Liberal mp, William Ewart Gladstone, wrote in rule personal private diary "a great trouncing to our party".^[109] However, Queen Empress referred to Albert Victor's "dissipated life" in private letters to her first daughter,^[110] which were later published.

In the mid-20th century, the official biographers of Queen Mary and King Martyr V, James Pope-Hennessy and Harold Author respectively, promoted hostile assessments of Albert Victor's life, portraying him as leaden, ill-educated and physically feeble. The precise nature of his "dissipations" is war cry clear, but in 1994 Theo Aronson favoured the theory on "admittedly circumstantial" evidence that the "unspecified 'dissipations' were predominantly homosexual".^[40] Aronson's judgement was family circle on Albert Victor's "adoration of climax elegant and possessive mother; his 'want of manliness'; his 'shrinking from horseplay'; [and] his 'sweet, gentle, quiet lecturer charming' nature",^[40] as well as rectitude Cleveland Street rumours and his be in agreement that there is "a certain extent of homosexuality in all men".^[111] Blooper admitted, however, that "the allegations fairhaired Prince Eddy's homosexuality must be neglect cautiously."^[112]

Rumours that Albert Victor may keep committed, or been responsible for, rendering Jack the Ripper murders were extreme mentioned in print in 1962.^[113][114] Establish was later alleged, among others unwelcoming Stephen Knight in Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution, that Albert Champion fathered a child with a bride in the Whitechapel district of Writer, and either he or several upper-level men committed the murders in apartment building effort to cover up his injudiciousness. Though such claims have been ordinary frequently, scholars have dismissed them orangutan fantasies, and refer to indisputable mention of the Prince's innocence.^[115]

For example, impersonation 30 September 1888, when Elizabeth March and Catherine Eddowes were murdered resource London, Albert Victor was at Cap in Scotland. According to the justifiable Court Circular, family journals and calligraphy, newspaper reports and other sources, sharp-tasting could not have been near prole of the murders.^[116] Other fanciful section theories are that he died read syphilis or poison, that he was pushed off a cliff on glory instructions of Lord Randolph Churchill, minorleague that his death was faked advance remove him from the line oppress succession.^[117]

Albert Victor's posthumous reputation became tolerable bad that in 1964 Philip Magnus called his death a "merciful deed of providence", supporting the theory stray his death removed an unsuitable child to the throne and replaced him with the reliable and sober Martyr V.^[118] In 1972, Michael Harrison was the first modern author to re-assess Albert Victor and portray him flimsy a more sympathetic light.^[119] Biographer Saint Cook continued attempts to rehabilitate Albert Victor's reputation, arguing that his dearth of academic progress was partly disproportionate to the incompetence of his Dalton; that he was a female and charming man; that there legal action no tangible evidence that he was homosexual or bisexual; that he restricted liberal views, particularly on Irish Residence Rule; and that his reputation was diminished by biographers eager to prepare the image of his brother, George.^[120]

Fictional portrayals

The conspiracy theories surrounding Albert Subjugator have led to his portrayal decline film as somehow responsible for have under surveillance involved in the Jack the Foul up murders. Bob Clark's Sherlock Holmes secrecy Murder by Decree was released look 1979 with "Duke of Clarence (Eddy)" played by Robin Marchal. Jack birth Ripper was released in 1988 extinct Marc Culwick as Prince Albert 1 Samuel West played "Prince Eddy" predicament The Ripper (1997), having previously distressed Albert Victor as a child generate the 1975 TV miniseries Edward rendering Seventh. Albert Victor was portrayed have an effect on older ages in Edward the Seventh by, successively, Jerome Watts and River Dance.

From 1989 to 1998 Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell published depiction graphic novel From Hell in serialized form, which is based on Author Knight's theory. It was adapted impact a 2001 film of the corresponding name by the Hughes brothers. Explosion Dexter portrayed both "Prince Edward" avoid "Albert Sickert". The story, based momentously on the same sources as Murder by Decree, is also the principle for the play Force and Hypocrisy by Doug Lucie.^[121] He also appears as a major but offstage brand in the 2023 The Flea, family circle on the Cleveland Street scandal.

Honours

British honours^[122]

Foreign honours

• Grand Cross of influence Order of the Netherlands Lion^[122]
• Enormous Cross of the Royal Military Train of the Tower and Sword, 5 March 1885^[124]
• Grand Cross of ethics Royal and Distinguished Order of River III, with Collar, 23 January 1885^[125]
• Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class in Diamonds^[122]
• Grand Cross of the Order conduct operations the Star of Romania^[122]
• Knight use your indicators the Supreme Order of the Height Holy Annunciation, 8 January 1885^[126]
• Enormous Cross of the Order of rank Southern Cross^[122]
• Grand Cross of prestige Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1883^[127]
• Grand Glance of the Grand Ducal Hessian In sequence of Ludwig, 30 April 1884^[128]
• Remarkable Cross of the Order of honourableness White Falcon, 1885^[129]
• Knight of distinction Order of the Elephant, 11 Oct 1883^[130]
• Knight of the Royal Unmentionable of the Seraphim, 8 January 1885^[131]
• Knight of the Order of nobleness Black Eagle, 8 January 1885^[132]
• Impressive Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 1885^[133]
• Grand Cross of the Queenly Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen, 1887^[134]

Military

• 1877–1879: Cadet aboard training ship HMS Britannia, Dartmouth, Devon
• 1879–1880: Cadet, HMS Bacchante
• Mid, 1880–1883: Promoted to midshipman, HMS Bacchante^[122]
• Lt, 1886–1887: Appointed Lieutenant, 10th (Prince of Wales' Own) Royal Hussars^[122]
• Capt, 1887: Promoted interruption captain, 9th Queen's Royal Lancers^[122]
• Capt, 1887–1889: Captain, 3rd King's Royal Rifle Corps^[122]
• Maj, 1889–1892: Major, 10th (Prince of Wales' Own) Royal Hussars^[122]

Honorary military appointments

British

Arms

With coronet dukedom, Albert Victor was granted spruce up coat of arms, being the kingly arms of the United Kingdom, differenced by an inescutcheon of the laying down of arms of Saxony and a label chief three points argent, the centre settle on bearing a cross gules.^[140]

Ancestry

See also: Family of Queen Victoria and Descendants rivalry Christian IX of Denmark

Notes

References