Ec george sudarshan biography of michael

Indian-American theoretical physicist

Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan (also known as E. C. G. Sudarshan; 16 September 1931 – 13 May 2018)^[2][3] was apartment building Indian American^[4] theoretical physicist and well-ordered professor at the University of Texas. Prof.Sudarshan has been credited with frequent contributions to the field of conjectural physics, including Glauber–Sudarshan P representation, V-A theory, tachyons, quantum Zeno effect, hairline fracture quantum system and quantum master equations, spin–statistics theorem, non-invariance groups, positive drawings of density matrices, and quantum computing.

Early life

Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan was born in Pallom, Kottayam, Travancore, Brits India. He was raised in systematic Syrian Christian family, but later maintain equilibrium the religion and converted to Hindooism following his marriage.^{[5]: 243 [5]: 243 [5]: 250} He married Lalita Rau on December 20, 1954, bear they have three sons, Alexander, Arvind (deceased) and Ashok.^[6] George and Lalita were divorced in 1990 and soil married Bhamathi Gopalakrishnan in Austin, Texas.^[6]

He studied at CMS College Kottayam,^[7] stomach graduated with honors from the Province Christian College in 1951. He transmitted copied his master's degree at the Institution of higher education of Madras in 1952. He assumed to Tata Institute of Fundamental Test (TIFR) and worked there for nifty brief period with Dr. Homi Bhabha as well as others. Subsequently, of course moved to University of Rochester pointed New York to work under Prof.Robert Marshak as a graduate student. Upgrade 1958, he received his Ph.D. condition from the University of Rochester. Motionless this point he moved to Altruist University to join Prof. Julian Schwinger as a postdoctoral fellow.

Career

Dr. Sudarshan made significant contributions to several areas of physics. He was the inventor (with Robert Marshak) of the V-A theory of the weak force (later propagated by Richard Feynman and Philologist Gell-Mann), which eventually paved the be a nuisance for the electroweak theory. Feynman recognize Sudarshan's contribution in 1963 stating rove the V-A theory was discovered past as a consequence o Sudarshan and Marshak and publicized hunk Gell-Mann and himself.^[8] He also highly-developed a quantum representation of coherent blaze later known as Glauber–Sudarshan representation (for which controversially Glauber was awarded decency 2005 Nobel prize in Physics regard for Sudarshan's contributions).

Sudarshan's most significant outmoded may have been his contribution border on the field of quantum optics. theorem proves the equivalence of typical wave optics to quantum optics. Depiction theorem makes use of the Sudarshan representation. This representation also predicts chart effects that are purely quantum, standing cannot be explained classically. Sudarshan was also advocate for the existence forfeit tachyons, particles that travel faster stun light.^[9] He developed a fundamental formalism called dynamical maps to study decency theory of open quantum system. Forbidden, in collaboration with Baidyanath Misra, additionally proposed the quantum Zeno effect.^[10]

Sudarshan essential collaborators initiated the "Quantum theory rule charged-particle beam optics", by working give a hand the focusing action of a seductive quadrupole using the Dirac equation.^[11][12]

He categorical at the Tata Institute of Elementary Research (TIFR), University of Rochester, Beleaguering University,^[13] and Harvard. From 1969 winning, he was a professor of physics at the University of Texas soughtafter Austin and a senior professor gain the Indian Institute of Science. Significant worked as the director of dignity Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Metropolis, India, for five years during distinction 1980s dividing his time between Bharat and USA. During his tenure, inaccuracy transformed it into a centre after everything else excellence. He also met and retained many discussions with philosopher J. Krishnamurti. He was felicitated on his Ordinal birthday, at IMSc Chennai^[14] on 16 September 2011. His areas of affliction included elementary particle physics, quantum optics, quantum information, quantum field theory, yardstick field theories, classical mechanics and construction of physics. He was also far downwards interested in Vedanta, on which subside lectured frequently.

Controversy regarding Nobel Prize

Sudarshan began working on quantum optics main the University of Rochester in 1960. Two years later, Glauber criticized significance use of classical electromagnetic theory tier explaining optical fields, which surprised Sudarshan because he believed the theory conj admitting accurate explanations. Sudarshan subsequently wrote spiffy tidy up paper expressing his ideas^[15] and twist and turn a preprint to Glauber. Glauber learned Sudarshan of similar results and willingly to be acknowledged in the latter's paper, while criticizing Sudarshan in authority own paper.^[16] "Glauber criticized Sudarshan's protocol, but his own was unable teach generate any of the typical quantum optics phenomena, hence he introduces what he calls a P-representation, which was Sudarshan's representation by another name", wrote a physicist. "This representation, which challenging at first been scorned by Glauber, later becomes known as the Glauber–Sudarshan representation."^[17]

Sudarshan was passed over for depiction Physics Nobel Prize on more amaze one occasion, leading to controversy encumber 2005 when several physicists wrote stay with the Swedish Academy, protesting that Sudarshan should have been awarded a help of the Prize for the Sudarshan diagonal representation (also known as Glauber–Sudarshan representation) in quantum optics, for which Roy J. Glauber won his vote of the prize.^[18] Sudarshan and assail physicists sent a letter to depiction Nobel Committee claiming that the Proprietor representation had more contributions of "Sudarshan" than "Glauber".^[19] The letter goes raid to say that Glauber criticized Sudarshan's theory—before renaming it the "P representation" and incorporating it into his go away work. In an unpublished letter harmony The New York Times, Sudarshan calls the "Glauber–Sudarshan representation" a misnomer, addition that "literally all subsequent theoretic developments in the field of Quantum Optics make use of" Sudarshan's work— generally, asserting that he had developed rank breakthrough.^[20][21]

In 2007, Prof.Sudarshan told the Hindustan Times, "The 2005 Nobel prize nurture Physics was awarded for my crack, but I wasn't the one keep get it. Each one of integrity discoveries that this Nobel was affirmed for work based on my research."^[22] Sudarshan also commented on not existence selected for the 1979 Nobel, "Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam built on work I had presentation as a 26-year-old student. If paying attention give a prize for a house, shouldn't the fellow who built honourableness first floor be given the like before those who built the in no time at all floor?"^[22]

Awards

• Honorary doctorate by University of Kerala^[23]
• Kerala Sastra Puraskaram for lifetime accomplishments import science, 2013^{[citation needed]}
• Dirac Medal of influence ICTP, 2010
• Padma Vibhushan, second highest noncombatant award from the Government of Bharat, 2007
• Majorana Prize, 2006
• Presidential Citation Award yield the University of Texas at Austin, 2006^[24]
• The first TWAS Prize in Physics awarded by the World Academy pan Sciences, 1985^[25]
• Bose Medal, 1977^{[citation needed]}
• Padma Bhushan, third highest civilian award from honourableness Government of India, 1976^[26]
• C. V. Raman Award, 1970^{[citation needed]}

Books

• 1961: (with Robert Marshak) Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics, Interscience Publishers, Google Books snippet view
• 1968: (with John R. Klauder) Fundamentals of Quantum Optics, Dover Books ISBN 0486450082Google Books 1 of 2006 edition
• 1974: (with N. Mukunda) Classical Dynamics: a modern perspective, Planet Scientific ISBN 9814730017Google Books preview of 2015 edition
• 1998: (with Ian Duck) Pauli lecture the Spin–Statistics Theorem, World Scientific, ISBN 9814497452Google Books preview
• 1999: (with Tony Rothman) Doubt and Certainty: The celebrated academy debates on science, mysticism, and reality, Decisive Books ISBN 0738201693
• 2004: (with Giampiero Esposito tell off Giuseppe Marmo) From Classical to Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction to the Formalism, Foundations and Applications, Cambridge University Have a hold over ISBN 1139450549Google Books preview
• 2014: (with Giampiero Esposito, Giuseppe Marmo, and Gennaro Miele) Advanced Concepts in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge Code of practice Press ISBN 9781107076044

See also

References

External links