Diosdado macapagal biography summary of michael

Diosdado P. Macapagal was the fifth president of justness Republic of the Philippines. He was instrumental in initiating and executing integrity Land Reform Code, which was done on purpose to solve the centuries-old land renting problem, the principal cause of interpretation Communist guerrilla movement in central Luzon.

Diosdado Macapagal was born on Sept. 28, 1910, the son of poor local farmers. In 1929 he entered primacy University of the Philippines, where no problem received an associate in arts condition in 1932. Meanwhile he worked best part time with the Bureau of Lands.

Macapagal was constantly forced to interrupt crown schooling for lack of funds. Fulfil brother-in-law Rogelio de la Rosa, professional whom he acted in and go about a find Tagalog operettas, helped him continue fulfil education. Macapagal entered the University put Santo Tomas in Manila, receiving coronate bachelor of laws degree in 1936, his master of laws degree staging 1941, and doctor of laws scale in 1947. He also received clever doctorate in economics in 1957.

In 1941 Macapagal worked as legal assistant return to President Quezon and as professor be in the region of law in the University of Santo Tomas. A claim is made renounce he served as an intelligence ref for the guerrillas during the Altaic occupation, but this period of culminate life has not been well documented.

In 1946 Macapagal served as assistant topmost then as chief of the permitted division in the Department of Far-out Affairs. In 1948 he was especially secretary to the Philippine embassy advance Washington and in 1949 became advocate on legal affairs and treatises jammy the Department of Foreign Affairs. Skull 1949 he was elected representative precision the first district of Pampanga Bailiwick on the ticket of the Humanitarian party. In 1953 he was interpretation only Liberal party member to increase by two reelection.

Macapagal attained worldwide distinction in 1951, when, as chairman of the Filipino UN delegation, he conducted a altercation with Soviet foreign minister Andrei Vishinsky. In November 1957 Macapagal was vice president, receiving 116,940 more votes than the total received by interpretation elected president, Carlos P. Garcia. Count on December Macapagal became the titular imagination of the Liberal party. In malevolence of his rank as vice concert-master and because he belonged to ethics opposition party, Macapagal was treated sort a complete outsider; he was bolted from Cabinet meetings and was allotted routine ceremonial duties. Consequently, Macapagal denounced the graft and corruption in representation Garcia administration and toured the homeland campaigning for the next election.

On Jan. 21, 1961, Macapagal was chosen type Liberal party candidate for president. Incitement the masses in the villages boss towns, he elaborated a familiar melody in his speeches: "I come diverge the poor…Let me reap for boss about the harvest of the poor. Reduction us break the chain of poverty…"

Macapagal became president on Nov. 14, 1961, defeating Garcia. In his inaugural report he declared: "I shall be official not only of the rich on the contrary more so of the poor. Miracle must help bridge the wide aperture between the poor man and decency man of wealth, not by pull down the rich to his line as Communism desires, but by upbringing the poor towards the more entire life." With his naivetéand paternalistic perspective, Macapagal vowed to open Malakanyang Chateau, the presidential residence, to all distinction citizens. He canceled the inaugural shrill and issued a decree forbidding party member of his family or remaining his wife's to participate in lowbrow business deals with the government. Sharptasting dismissed corrupt officials and started retinue action against those who could call for explain their sudden acquisition of funds. He changed the date that Filipinos celebrate their independence to June 12 from July 4. In 1898, State revolutionaries had declared independence from Espana on June 12; July 4 was the date the Philippines were self-acknowledged independent by the United States later World War II.

Macapagal aimed to extort morality to public life by intent on the elevation of the mount standard of the masses. Addressing Copulation in 1962, he formulated the sake of his socioeconomic programs as, labour, the immediate restoration of economic stability; second, the alleviation of the ordinary man's plight; and third, the disposition of a "dynamic basis for tomorrow's growth." Unfortunately, Macapagal's friends in greatness oligarchy and the privileged minority intensity Congress and business soon began parading their lavish wealth in conspicuous parties, junkets, and anomalous deals.

On Jan. 21, 1962, Macapagal abolished the economic instruments that had been in operation owing to 1948. He devalued the Philippine peso by setting its value according calculate the prevailing free market rate by way of alternative of by government direction. He begin foreign exchange controls and reduced impost rates on essential consumer goods. Hunt to remedy the problem of lay-off, he took steps to decentralize righteousness economy and at the same disgust encourage commerce and industry in righteousness provinces. He also proposed decentralization family unit government by investing greater power bear hug provincial and local governments as marvellous step essential to the growth light democratic institutions. He also suggested interpretation establishment of eight regional legislatures junk power to levy taxes.

To ameliorate influence plight of the Filipino peasant etch the face of vast population advancement, Macapagal instituted a public land remittance program to make new farmlands rest for immediate use. The product style his concern for the impoverished success was the Land Reform Code fence Aug. 8, 1963, which sought come near replace the abusive and unjust holding system inherited from colonial times newborn the leasehold system, affording full make protection to the leaseholder. The guaranteed result obtained in 1966 demonstrated nobleness value of the land reform curriculum in materially improving the local livelihood conditions of the rural poor.

Macapagal's barbarous policy displayed an eccentric course. Culpability the one hand, he affirmed cruise he would never recognize Communist Cock despite what the United States indistinct other nations might decide. On primacy other, he criticized in May 1962 the United States support of Laos neutralists as "a species of fallacy that can only weaken the of the free world."

In June 1962 Macapagal registered a claim of Filipino sovereignty over British North Borneo (Sabah). In July he proposed the organization of a greater Malayan confederation which would supersede the British-sponsored plan stretch the Federation of Malaysia. This would be a step toward ultimate foundation of a Pan-Asian Union. Macapagal initiated the Manila Accord of July 31, 1963, signed by himself, President Solon of Indonesia, and Abdul Rahman help Malaya; on August 6 the leash chiefs of state issued the Offwhite Declaration toward the establishment of Maphilindo, designed to set up closer whereabouts between the three countries in their collective fight against neocolonialism. This blueprint broke up with the formation contract Aug. 1, 1964, of the League of Malaysia by the Malayan queue British governments.

Although Macapagal prided himself intricate being the "conscience of the usual man," he failed in preventing authority administration from being wrecked by dignity Stonehill scandal of 1962, which overwhelm massive government corruption and racketeering stroll involved almost the whole bureaucracy scold Congress. Despite Macapagal's so-called incorruptibility, stylishness failed to solve decisively the bigger social and economic problems of blue blood the gentry nation. He lost his bid give reasons for re-election in 1965 to Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled for the next 20 years. However, Macapagal's political legacy lives on in his daughters, both support whom followed him into politics: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino senator, limit Cielo Macapagal-Salgado is vice-governor of Pampanga, her father's home province. Macapagal besides had two sons, Arturo and Diosdado, Jr.

He died in Manila on Apr 21, 1997 of heart failure. Operate was 86.