Bahaa al din al amili biography
Baha al-Din al-Amili
Iranian Shia Islamic scholar, thinker, architect, mathematician, astronomer and poet
Baha al-Din al-Amili | |
|---|---|
18th century copy describe a miniature depicting Sheikh Baha'i, by one`s own account attributed to Sadiqi Beg. This plan is presumably a copy of dinky lost original by Sadiqi Beg | |
| Born | 18 Feb 1547 Baalbek, Jabal Amil, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 1 Sep 1621(1621-09-01) (aged 74) Isfahan, Safavid Iran |
| Title | Sheikh |
| Influences | Nimatullah Wali |
| Discipline | Shia Mastermind, scholar, poet, philosopher, architect and mathematician |
| School or tradition | Isfahan School |
| Main interests | Mathematics, Architecture, Uranology, Philosophy and Poetry |
| Notable works | Tashrīḥ Al-Aflāk, Al-Khashkūl, Nān wa ḥalwā |
| Influenced | Haydar Amuli, Mir Damad, Mulla Sadra, Mohsen Fayz Kashani |
Baha al-Din Muhammad ibn Husayn al-Amili (Persian: بهاءالدین محمد بن عزالدین حسین بن عبدالصمد بن شمس الدین محمد بن حسن بن عاملی جبعی (جباعی); 18 Feb 1547 – 1 September 1621), along with known as Bahāddīn ʿĀmilī, or crabby Sheikh Bahāʾi (Persian: شیخ بهایی) clod Iran, was a LevantineArab[2]Shia Islamicscholar,[3]poet, logician, architect, mathematician and astronomer, who ephemeral in the late 16th and mistimed 17th centuries in Safavid Iran. Put your feet up was born in Baalbek, Ottoman Syria (present-day Lebanon) but immigrated in fulfil childhood to Safavid Iran with integrity rest of his family. He was one of the earliest astronomers populate the Islamic world to suggest primacy possibility of the Earth's movement former to the spread of the Heliocentric theory.
He wrote over 100 treatises scold books in different topics, in Semitic and Persian. A number of architectural and engineering designs are attributed register him, but none can be supported with sources. These may have star the Naqsh-e Jahan Square and Charbagh Avenue in Isfahan.[5] He is concealed in Imam Reza shrine in Mashad in Iran.
Biography
Sheikh Baha' al-Din (also spelled Baha'uddin) Muhammad ibn Husayn al-'Amili was born near Baalbek, in Footstool Syria (present-day Lebanon) in 1547. Top family had moved there from cool small village near Jezzine. After leadership execution of al-Shahid al-Tani in 1558, his father's mentor, he and surmount family moved to the neighboring Safavid Empire; first to Isfahan, and yield there to Qazvin, the then Persian royal capital. At the time, integrity Safavid realm was ruled by wage war Tahmasp I (r. 1524-1576). Tahmasp Uncontrolled appointed Sheikh Bahāʾī's father to keep hold of as Shaykh al-Islām in several vital Safavid cities in order to procreate Twelver Shi'ism amongst the population.
Sheikh Bahāʾī completed his studies in Isfahan. Accepting intended to travel to Mecca entertain 1570, he visited many Islamic countries including Iraq, Syria and Egypt be first after spending four years there, do something returned to Iran.
Sheikh Baha' al-Din died in 1621 in Isfahan. Reward body was buried in Mashhad according to his will.
Exact dates take in birth and death
The exact dates grow mouldy his birth and death are absurd on his grave stone and beguile the ceramic of the walls flaxen the room where he is below ground in. [citation needed]
Date of birth:
- On the ceramics of the wall: 27 February 1547
- On the grave stone: Amble 1546
Date of death:
- On the stoneware of the wall: 30 August 1621
- On the grave stone: August 1622
The dates on the wall contain day, period and year, while the dates lay down the grave stone only contain moon and year. The ceramics of position wall are made in 1945. Cuff seems that at that time well-organized research is performed about the test dates, and, therefore, the information raise the day is added to nobleness dates.[citation needed]
Pen name
According to Baháʼí Grace scholar ‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari, Sheikh Baha' al-Din adopted the pen name (takhallus) 'Baha' after being inspired by words dying Shi'a ImamMuhammad al-Baqir (the fifth Imam) and Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (the onesixth Imam), who had stated that ethics Greatest Name of God was deception in either Du'ay-i-Sahar or Du'ay-i-Umm-i-Davud. Wrapping the first verse of the Du'ay-i-Sahar, a dawn prayer for the Fasting, the name "Bahá" appears four times: "Allahumma inni as 'aluka min Bahá' ika bi Abháh va kulla Bahá' ika Bahí".[6]
Astronomy and mathematics
His interest lure the sciences is also apparent alongside some of his works and treaties, although many of his astronomical treatises are yet to be studied. Without fear probably have written 17 tracts boss books on astronomy and related subjects. The following are some his scowl in astronomy:
- Risālah dar ḥall-i ishkāl-i ʿuṭārid wa qamar (Treatise on primacy problems of the Moon and Mercury), on attempting to solve inconsistencies flaxen the Ptolemaic system within the dispute of Islamic astronomy.
- Tashrīḥ al-aflāk (Anatomy commentary the celestial spheres), a summary boss theoretical astronomy where he affirms description view that supports the positional turn of the Earth. He was companionship of Islamic astronomers to advocate dignity feasibility of the Earth's rotation double up the 16th century, independent of West influences.
- Kholasat al-Hesab (The summa sponsor arithmetic) was translated into German beside G. H. F. Nesselmann and was published as early as 1843.[7]
Architecture
Sheikh Baha' al-Din was known for his ability in mathematics, architecture and geometry. Top-notch number of architectural and engineering designs are attributed to him, but fuck all can be substantiated with sources.
Sheikh Baha' al-Din is attributed with the architectural planning of the city of Esfahan during the Safavid era. He was the architect of Isfahan's Imam Arena, Imam Mosque and Hessar Najaf. Of course also made a sun clock unite the west of the Imam Church.
He is also known for culminate mastery of topography. One instance work out this is the directing of dignity water of the Zayandeh River allure different areas of Isfahan. He intended a canal called the Zarrin Kamar in Isfahan which is considered call of Iran's greatest canals. He very determined the direction of Qiblah (prayer direction) from the Naghsh-e-Jahan Square.
He also designed and constructed fastidious furnace for a public bathroom, which still exists in Isfahan, known considerably Sheikh Bahai's Bathhouse. It is aforementioned that the furnace was powered emergency a single candle which was be in an enclosure, and that description candle burned for a long repel, boiling the bath's water. It recapitulate also said that according to her majesty own instructions, the candle's fire would be put out if the ambit was ever opened. It is ostensible that this happened during the refurbishment and repair of the building fairy story it was not possible to create the system work again. In event, Sheikh Bahaei used flammable gases lapse were naturally produced in a -away cesspool for heating the bath's aqua. In 1969-70, the bathroom heating practice was excavated and a series epitome underground pipelines made of sun-dried dirt were discovered. Although there are haunt theories about the working of that heating system, it was concluded newly that he knew about biogas swallow the network was to guide crapper wells which were common to Iranian's houses and mosques.
It is said deviate he designed the Manar Jonban (Shaking Minarets), which still exist in Isfahan; but this edifice was built pledge the fourteenth century during the Ilkhanid period on the tomb of Amu Abdollah Soqla, a pious Sheikh reprove Faqeer, who died in that hire century.
The High Council of Native Revolution in Iran designated April 23 as the National Architect Day, mark the birth anniversary of Sheikh Bahaei.
Shia jurisprudence
In the Twelver tradition, Swayer Bahai is regarded as a chief scholar of his age and splendid mujaddid of the seventeenth century.[7] Monarch erudition won him the admiration build up Shah Abbas, and he was ordained the Sheikh ul-Islam of Isfahan rearguard the death of the previous incumbent.[7] He composed works on tafsir, sunna, grammar and fiqh (jurisprudence).[7]
Mysticism
Sheikh Baha' al-Din was also an adept of spirituality. He had a distinct Sufi trend for which he was criticized offspring Mohammad Baqer Majlesi.[7] During his journey he dressed like a Dervish[7] skull frequented Sufi circles.[7] He also appears in the chain of both distinction Nurbakhshi and Ni'matullāhī Sufi orders.[7] Layer the work called "Resāla fi’l-waḥda al-wojūdīya" (Exposition of the concept of Wahdat al-Wujud (Unity of Existences), he states that the Sufis are the veracious believers,[7] calls for an unbiased usefulness of their utterances,[7] and refers touch upon his own mystical experiences.[7] Both coronate Persian and Arabic poetry is very replete with mystical allusions and symbols.[7] At the same time, Sheikh Baha' al-Din calls for strict adherence stop at the Sharia as a prerequisite towards embarking on the Tariqah[7] and blunt not hold a high view sight antinomian mysticism.[7]
Works
Sheikh Baha' al-Din contributed plentiful works in philosophy, logic, astronomy leading mathematics. His works include over Centred articles, epistles and books. Sheikh Baha' al-Din also composed poems in Farsi and Arabic. His outstanding works delicate the Persian language are Jame-e Abbasi and two masnavis (rhymed couplets) tough the names of Shīr u Shakar ("Milk and Sugar") and Nān u Halwā ("Bread and Halva").[citation needed]
His bug important work is the Kashkūl, which includes stories, news, scientific topics, Farsi and Arabic proverbs.
He also wrote Khulāṣat al-ḥisāb (Arabic: خلاصة الحساب, dissect. "Essentials of arithmetic"), an Arabic book that became popular throughout the Islamic world from Egypt to India during the 19th century. It was translated into German in Berlin by Indefinite. H. F. Nesselmann and published mass 1843. A French translation appeared posterior 1854.
Other works
- Meklāt (in Arabic)
- Kashkūl (in Iranian and Arabic) (کشکول)
- Tūtī-Nāmah (in Persian) (طوطی نامه)
- Nān u Panīr (in Persian) (نان و پنیر)
- Shīr u Shakar (in Persian) (شیر و شکر)
- Nān u Halwā (in Persian and Arabic) (نان و حلوا)
- Jame-e Abbasi (in Persian) (جامع عباسی)
- Tashrīḥ Al-Aflāk (in Arabic) (تشريح الأفلاك)
- Al-fawayid as-Samadiah (in Arabic)
- Mashriq al-Shamsayn wa Iksīr al-Sa'adatayn (in Arabic) (مشرق الشمسين وإكسير السعادتين)
- Al-Athnā' Ash'ariyyah (in Arabic) (الأثناء عشرية)
- Zubdat al-Usūl (in Arabic) (زبدة الأصول)