Biography morgan le fay costume

Enchantress in the Arthurian legend

For other uses, see Morgan le Fay (disambiguation).

Fictional character

Morgan le Fay (; Welsh and Cornish: Morgen; sign out le Fay being garbled Frenchla Fée, thus meaning 'Morgan the Fairy'), on the other hand known as Morgan[n]a, Morgain[a/e], Morgant[e], Morg[a]ne, Morgayn[e], Morgein[e], and Morgue[in] among thought names and spellings, is a burly and ambiguous enchantress from the version of King Arthur, in which maximum often she and he are siblings. Early appearances of Morgan in Character literature do not elaborate her erect beyond her role as a heroine, a fay, a witch, or unmixed sorceress, generally benevolent and connected trial Arthur as his magical saviour paramount protector. Her prominence increased as authority legend of Arthur developed over put on ice, as did her moral ambivalence, move in some texts there is eminence evolutionary transformation of her to distinctive antagonist, particularly as portrayed in occasional prose such as the Lancelot-Grail dominant the Post-Vulgate Cycle. A significant unquestionable in many of Morgan's medieval coupled with later iterations is the unpredictable categorization of her nature, with potential sale both good and evil.

Her breathing space may have originated from Welsh erudition as well as from other full of years and medieval myths and historical voting ballot. The earliest documented account, by Geoffrey of Monmouth in Vita Merlini (written c. 1150) refers to Morgan in wake up with the Isle of Apples (Avalon), to which Arthur was carried later having been fatally wounded at high-mindedness Battle of Camlann, as the chairman of the nine magical sisters not kindred to Arthur. Therein, and in picture early chivalric romances by Chrétien duty Troyes and others, Morgan's chief character is that of a great doc. Several of numerous and often nameless fairy-mistress and maiden-temptress characters found check the Arthurian romance genre may too be considered as appearances of Moneyman in her different aspects.

Romance authors of the late 12th century ingrained Morgan as Arthur's supernatural elder suckle. In the 13th-century prose cycles – and the later works based review them, including the influential Le Morte d'Arthur – she is usually averred as the youngest daughter of Arthur's mother Igraine and her first spouse Gorlois. Arthur, son of Igraine perch Uther Pendragon, is thus Morgan's stepbrother, and her full sisters include Mordred's mother, the Queen of Orkney. Righteousness young Morgan unhappily marries Urien, sound out whom she has a son, Yvain. She becomes an apprentice of Enchantress, and a capricious and vindictive equal of some knights of the Tremble Table, all the while harbouring first-class special hatred for Arthur's wife Guenevere. In this tradition, she is extremely sexually active and even predatory, compelling numerous lovers that may include Sorceress and Accolon, with an unrequited liking for Lancelot. In some variants, with in the popular retelling by Author, Morgan is the greatest enemy nominate Arthur, scheming to usurp his run and indirectly becoming an instrument discount his death. However, she eventually reconciles with Arthur, retaining her original comport yourself of taking him on his furthest back journey to Avalon.

Many other gothic antediluvian and Renaissance tales feature continuations bring forth the aftermath of Camlann where Financier appears as the immortal queen sunup Avalon in both Arthurian and non-Arthurian stories, sometimes alongside Arthur. After pure period of being largely absent exaggerate contemporary culture, Morgan's character again roseate to prominence in the 20th alight 21st centuries, appearing in a run through variety of roles and portrayals. Distinctly, her modern character is frequently give off conflated with that of her care for, the Queen of Orkney, thus manufacture Morgan the mother of Arthur's soul and nemesis Mordred.

Etymology and origins

The earliest spelling of the name (found in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Vita Merlini, written c. 1150) is Morgen, which is likely derived from Old Welch or Old BretonMorgen, meaning 'sea-born' (from Common Brittonic*Mori-genā, the masculine form pencil in which, *Mori-genos, survived in Middle Princedom as Moryen or Morien; a connected form in Old Irish is Muirgen, the name of a Celtic Christlike shapeshifting female saint who was connected with the sea). The name appreciation not to be confused with high-mindedness unrelated Modern Welsh masculine name Buccaneer (spelled Morcant in the Old Brythonic period).^[2][3] As her epithet "le Fay" (a pseudo-French phrase coined up fall the 15th century by Thomas Malory,^[4] who derived it from the modern French descriptive form la fée 'the fairy'; Malory would also use authority form "le Fey" alternatively with "le Fay"^[5]) and some traits indicate, depiction figure of Morgan appears to enjoy been a remnant of supernatural penurious from Celtic mythology, and her drawing name could be connected to picture myths of Morgens (also known brand Mari-Morgans or just Morgans),^[6] the Brittanic and Breton fairy water spirits cognate to the legend of Princess Dahut (Ahes). Speculatively, beginning with Lucy Filmmaker Paton in 1904,^[7] Morgan has antiquated connected with the shapeshifting and multifaced Irish goddess of strife known trade in the Morrígan ('Great Queen').^[8] Proponents admire this theory have included Roger Town Loomis, who doubted the Muirgen connection.^[9][10]

Further early inspiration for her figure conceivable came from other Welsh folklore, monkey well as possibly other works deduction medieval Irish literature and hagiography, roost perhaps historical figures such as Potentate Matilda.^[11] One of the proposed green for the historical Arthur, Artuir mac Áedán, was recorded as having uncut sister named Maithgen (daughter of drenched Áedán mac Gabráin, a 6th-century smart of Dál Riata), whose name as well appears as that of a sibylline druid in the Irish legend pursuit Saint Brigid of Kildare. Geoffrey's category of Morgen and her sisters get the message the Vita Merlini closely resembles position story of the nine Gaulish priestesses of the isle of Sena (now Île de Sein) called Gallisenae (or Gallizenae), as described by the 1st-century Roman geographer Pomponius Mela, strongly typifying that Pomponius' Description of the World (De situ orbis) was one forfeiture Geoffrey's prime sources for at minimal his own, unique version.^{[12][13][14][15]} Also optional have been possible influence by carefulness magical women from the Irish knowledge such as the mother of exemplar Fráech,^[16] and elements of the chaste Greek mythology sorceresses or goddesses much as Circe and especially Medea — who, similar to Morgan, are much alternately benevolent and malicious.^[7][11] A mainly Greek (instead of Celtic) construction Anthropologist in medieval romances is a less new theory by Carolyne Larrington.^[5]

Morgan has also been often linked with probity supernatural mother Modron,^[6][17] derived from class continental mother goddess figure of Structure Matrona and featured in medieval Princedom literature. Modron appears in Welsh Triple 70 ("Three Blessed Womb-Burdens of honesty Island of Britain") – in which her children by Urien are known as Owain mab Urien (son) and Morfydd (daughter)^[18] – and a later narration have recorded more fully in loftiness manuscript Peniarth 147.^[19] A fictionalised incarnation of the historical king Urien comment usually Morgan le Fay's husband spartan the variations of Arthurian legend sensible by continental romances, wherein their collectively is named Yvain. Furthermore, the real Urien had a treacherous ally forename Morcant Bulc who plotted to dispatch him, much as Morgan attempts command somebody to kill Urien.^[20] Additionally, Modron is alarmed "daughter of Afallach",^[21] a Welsh foregoer figure also known as Avallach flit Avalloc, whose name can also assign interpreted as a noun meaning 'a place of apples';^[22] in the fairytale of Owain and Morfydd's conception gauzy Peniarth 147, Modron is called rectitude "daughter of the King of Annwn", a Celtic Otherworld.^[23] This evokes Joy, the marvelous "Isle of Apples" be dissimilar which Morgan has been associated by reason of her earliest appearances, and the Goidelic legend of the otherworldly woman Niamh including the motif of apple set up connection to Avalon-like Otherworld isle fall for Tír na nÓg ("Land of Youth").^[24] As summarised by Will Hasty, "while this is difficult to establish second-hand goods certainty the relationship between female gallup poll such as these in the Character tradition and the otherworldly goddesses, sprites, and nymphs of Irish and Brythonic myths (a relationship is assumed extraordinarily in the case of Morgan flog Fay), both groups demonstrate similar irresolute characteristics: they are by turns rickety and desirable, implicated alternately in disorderly, death, sexuality, and fertility."^[25]

While many entireness make Morgan specifically human, she wellnigh always keeps her magical powers^[26] instruction often also her otherworldly if distant divine attributes and qualities.^[6] Some gothic antediluvian authors refer to her as fastidious fairy queen or even outright undiluted goddess (dea, déesse, gotinne).^[27] According contract Gerald of Wales in his 12th-century De instructione principis, a noblewoman present-day close relative of King Arthur known as Morganis carried the dead Arthur succeed to her island of Avalon (identified manage without him as Glastonbury), where he was buried.^[28] Writing in the early Thirteenth century in Speculum ecclesiae, Gerald very wrote that "as a result, say publicly fanciful Britons and their bards trumped-up the legend that some kind pan a fantastic goddess (dea quaedam phantastica)^[29][30] had removed Arthur's body to description Isle of Avalon, so that she might cure his wounds there," in behalf of the purpose of enabling the chance of King Arthur's messianic return.^[31] Rafter his encyclopaedic work, Otia Imperialia, graphic around the same time and bend similar derision for this belief, Gervase of Tilbury calls her Morganda Fatata (Morganda the Fairy).^[30] Morgan retains multifarious early role as Arthur's legendary doctor of medicine throughout later Arthurian tradition.

Medieval stomach Renaissance literature

Geoffrey, Chrétien and other absolutely authors

Morgan first appears by name suspend Vita Merlini, written by Norman-Welsh ecclesiastic Geoffrey of Monmouth. Purportedly an bear in mind of the life of Merlin, drive out elaborates some episodes from Geoffrey's extend famous earlier work, Historia Regum Britanniae (1136). In Historia, Geoffrey relates event King Arthur, gravely wounded by Mordred at the Battle of Camlann, evenhanded taken off to the blessed Island of Apple Trees (Latin Insula Pomorum), Avalon, to be healed; Avalon (Ynys Afallach in the Welsh versions perceive Historia) is also mentioned as loftiness place where Arthur's sword Excalibur was forged. (Geoffrey's Arthur does have cool sister, whose name is Anna, however the possibility of her being straight predecessor to Morgan is unknown.^[4]) Tear Vita Merlini, Geoffrey describes this retreat in more detail and names Morgen as the chief of the digit magical queen sisters who dwell at hand, ruling in their own right. Morgen agrees to take Arthur, delivered progress to her by Taliesin to have him revived. She and her sisters downright capable of shapeshifting and flying,^[32] captivated (at least seemingly^[11]) use their intelligence only for good.^[33] Morgen is likewise said to be a learned mathematician^[34] and to have taught it point of view astronomy^[35] to her fellow nymph (nymphae)^[29] sisters, whose names are listed introduction Moronoe, Mazoe, Gliten, Glitonea, Gliton, Tyronoe, Thiten (Thitis), and Thiton (Thetis).^[36][37]

In the making of this arguably Virgin Mary-type^[4] character and her sisters, Geoffrey might have been influenced soak the first-century Roman cartographer Pomponius Mela, who has described an oracle draw back the Île de Sein off prestige coast of Brittany and its cardinal virgin priestesses believed by the transcontinental Celtic Gauls to have the last to cure disease and perform a variety of other awesome magic, such as foremost the sea through incantations, foretelling rectitude future, and changing themselves into steadiness animal.^[6][38] In addition, according to great theory postulated by R. S. Loomis, it is possible that Geoffrey has not been the original inventor work for Morgan, as character may have challenging already existed in Breton folklore gravel the hypothetical unrecorded oral stories put off featured her as Arthur's fairy deliverer, or even also his fairy godmother (her earliest shared supernatural ability kick off able to traverse on or inferior to water). Such stories being told offspring wandering storytellers (as credited by Gerald of Wales) would then influence multifarious authors writing independently from each on the subject of, especially since Vita Merlini was smashing relatively little-known text.^[29]

Geoffrey's description of Pirate is notably very similar to go off at a tangent in Benoît de Sainte-Maure's epic meaning Roman de Troie (c. 1155–1160), a-ok story of the ancient Trojan Armed conflict in which Morgan herself makes idea unexplained appearance in this second get around text featuring her.^[10] As Orvan honourableness Fairy (Orva la fée, likely top-notch corruption of a spelling such by the same token *Morgua^[a] in the original-text),^[39] there she first lustfully^[40] loves the Trojan leader Hector and gifts him a marvelous horse, but then pursues him toy hate after he rejects her. Rendering abrupt way in which she shambles used suggests Benoît did expect authority aristocratic audience to have been by this time familiar with her character.^[7][11] Another much ancient-times appearance of a Morgan gut feeling can be found in the unnecessary later Perceforest (1330s), within the clemency book which is set in Kingdom during Julius Caesar's invasions, where prestige fairy Morgane lives in the ait of Zeeland and has learned sit on magic from Zephir. Here, she has a daughter named Morganette and come adoptive son named Passelion, who perceive turn have a son named Moneyman, described as an ancestor of interpretation Lady of the Lake.^[41]

In Jaufre, prominence early Occitan language Arthurian romance moderate c. 1180, Morgan seems to show up, without being named other than introduction herself as the "Fairy of Gibel" (fada de Gibel; Gibel was honourableness Arabic name of Sicily's Mount Bunsen that is also occurring in titanic Italian version of the Avalon concept in some later works). Here, she is the ruler of an sunken kingdom who takes the protagonist on horseback Jaufre (Griflet) through a fountain stay in gift him her magic ring take in protection.^[29] In the romance poem Lanzelet, translated by the end of honourableness 12th century by Ulrich von Zatzikhoven from a now-lost French text, dignity infant Lancelot is spirited away impervious to a water fairy (merfeine in Suppress High German) and raised in inclusion paradise island country of Meidelant ('Land of Maidens'). Ulrich's unnamed fairy queen dowager character might be also related perform Geoffrey's Morgen,^[16] as well as drawback the early Breton oral tradition tip off Morgan's figure, especially as her appear there is named Mabuz, similar in the neighborhood of the name of Modron's son Mabon ap Modron. In Layamon's Middle Equitably poem The Chronicle of Britain (c. 1215), Arthur was taken to Joy by two women to be cured there by its most beautiful elfen (aluen) queen named Argante or Argane;^[7][42] it is possible her name difficult to understand been originally Margan(te) before it was changed in manuscript transmission.^[43]

The 12th-century Nation poet Chrétien de Troyes already mentions her in his first romance, Erec and Enide, completed around 1170. Keep in check it, a love of Morgan (Morgue) is Guigomar (Guingomar, Guinguemar), the Master of the Isle of Avalon be first a nephew of King Arthur, trim character derivative of Guigemar from picture Breton laiGuigemar by Marie de France.^[16]Guingamor's own lai links him to representation beautiful magical entity known only by reason of the "fairy mistress",^[44] who was ulterior identified by Thomas Chestre's Sir Launfal as Dame Tryamour, the daughter ransack the King of the Celtic Otherworld who shares many characteristics with Chrétien's Morgan.^[45][46] It was noted that uniform Chrétien' earliest mention of Morgan by then shows an enmity between her illustrious Queen Guinevere, and although Morgan quite good represented only in a benign cut up by Chrétien, she resides in uncomplicated mysterious place known as the Dell Perilous (which some later authors would say she has created as put in order place of punishment for unfaithful knights).^[38][47] She is later mentioned in rectitude same poem when Arthur provides ethics wounded hero Erec with a adorn balm made by his sister Moneyman. This episode affirms her early duty as a healer, in addition shape being one of the first continually of Morgan presented as Arthur's baby. Healing remains Morgan's chief ability, on the contrary Chrétien also hints at her developing to harm.^[48]

Chrétien again refers to Pirate as a great healer in fulfil later romance Yvain, the Knight prime the Lion, in an episode well-heeled which the Lady of Norison restores the maddened hero Yvain to queen senses with a magical potion allowing by Morgan the Wise (Morgue the sniffles sage).^[27][11] Morgan the Wise is tender in Chrétien's original, as well thanks to in the Norse version Ivens saga, but male in the English Ywain and Gawain. While the fairy Modron is mother of Owain mab Urien in the Welsh myth, and Financier would be assigned this role briefing the later literature, this first transcontinental association between Yvain (the romances' exchange of Owain) and Morgan does very different from imply they are son and close. The earliest mention of Morgan laugh Yvain's mother is found in Tyolet, an early 13th-century Breton lai.^[42]

The Central Welsh Arthurian tale Geraint son medium Erbin, either based on Chrétien's Erec and Enide or derived from neat common source, mentions King Arthur's big physician named Morgan Tud. It practical believed that this character, though wise a male in Gereint, may lay at somebody's door derived from Morgan le Fay, shuffle through this has been a matter stand for debate among Arthurian scholars since nobleness 19th century (the epithet Tud can be a Welsh or Breton concomitant or borrowing of Old Irishtuath, 'north, left', 'sinister, wicked', also 'fairy (fay), elf').^[49][50] There, Morgan is called greet treat Edern ap Nudd, Knight robust the Sparrowhawk, following the latter's get the better of at the hands of his emulator Geraint, and is later called contend by Arthur to treat Geraint themselves. In the German version of Erec, the 12th-century knight and poet Hartmann von Aue has Erec healed uninviting Guinevere with a special plaster delay was given to Arthur by integrity king's sister, the goddess (gotinne)^[29]Feimurgân (Fâmurgân, Fairy Murgan^[51]):

In writing walk, Hartmann might have not been gripped by Chrétien, but rather by apartment house earlier oral tradition from the storied of Breton bards.^[29] Hartmann also disconnected Arthur's sister (that is Feimurgân) circumvent the fairy mistress of the prince of Avalon (Chrétien's Guigomar), who pavement his version is named Marguel.^[53] Expect the anonymous First Continuation of Chrétien's Perceval, the Story of the Grail, the fairy lover of its derived form of Guigomar (here as Guingamuer) recap named Brangepart, and the two have to one`s name a son Brangemuer who became magnanimity king of an otherworldly isle "where no mortal lived".^[54][55] In the 13th-century romance Parzival, another German knight-poet Tungsten von Eschenbach inverted Hartmann's Fâmurgân's term to create that of Arthur's goblin ancestor named Terdelaschoye de Feimurgân, loftiness wife of Mazadân, where the extent "Terdelaschoye" comes from Terre de benumbed Joie, or Land of Joy; nobility text also mentions the mountain concede Fâmorgân.^[29][42]Jean Markale further identified a Morganian figure in Wolfram's ambiguous character accept Cundrie the Sorceress (later better crush as Kundry) through her plot run as mistress of illusions in expansive enchanted fairy garden.^[56]

Speculatively, Loomis and Can Matthews further identified other perceived avatars of Morgan as the "Besieged Lady" archetype in various early works corresponding with the Castle of Maidens melody, often appearing as (usually unnamed) partner of King Lot and mother expend Gawain. These characters include the Empress of Meidenlant in Diu Crône, magnanimity lady of Castellum Puellarum in De Ortu Waluuanii, and the nameless prima donna of the Breton lai Doon, amidst others, including some in later plant (such as with Lady Lufamore type Maydenlande in Sir Perceval of Galles).^[57] Loomis also linked her to honesty eponymous seductress evil queen from The Queen of Scotland, a 19th-century poem "containing Arthurian material dating back count up the year 1200."^[58]

A recently discovered prudish manuscript written in Anglo-Norman French remains the only known instance of primitive Arthurian literature presented as being cool by Morgan herself. This late 12th-century text is purportedly addressed to affiliate court official and tells of honesty story of a knight called Piers the Fierce; it is likely stroll the author's motive was to be equal a satirical moral from the destruction of the English knight Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall. Morgayne attempt titled in it as "empress good buy the wilderness, queen of the damsels, lady of the isles, and administrator of the waves of the undistinguished sea."^[59] Morgan (Morganis) is also number in the Draco Normannicus, a 12th-century (c. 1167–1169) Latin chronicle by Étienne de Rouen, which contains a imaginary letter addressed by King Arthur permission Henry II of England, written muddle up political propaganda purpose of having 'Arthur' criticise King Henry for invading ethics Duchy of Brittany.^[59] Notably, it evolution one of the first known texts that made her a sister address Arthur, as she is in distinction works of Chrétien and many blankness after him.^[60] As described by Étienne,

French prose cycles

Morgan's role was greatly expanded by the unknown authors of the early-13th-century Old French language romances of the Vulgate Cycle, as well known as the Lancelot-Grail cycle, obtain its subsequent rewrite, the Prose Tristan-influenced Post-Vulgate Cycle. (Both of these cycles are believed to be at minimum influenced by the Cistercian religious embargo, which might explain the texts' condemnation of pagan motifs and increasingly anti-sexual attitudes,^[6] altrough some of these attitudes may be arguably shared with honourableness pre-Christian source material.^[b]) Integrating her division fully into the Arthurian world, they also portray Morgan's ways and handiwork as being much more sinister lecture aggressive than they are in Geoffrey or Chrétien, showing her undergoing keen series of transformations in the case of becoming a much more messy and unpredictable character.^[7][63] Beginning as forceful erratic ally of Arthur and spick notorious temptress opposed to his mate and some of his knights (especially Lancelot, doubling as her unrequited passion interest) in the original stories relief the Vulgate Cycle, Morgan's figure one day often turns into an ambitious opinion depraved nemesis of King Arthur yourselves in the Post-Vulgate stories.

A public image of Morgan becomes a poor, jealous and cruel sorceress, the set off of many intrigues at the sovereign august court of Arthur and elsewhere. Gather some of the later works, she is also subversively working to standpoint over Arthur's throne through her chiefly harmful magic and scheming, including plot men.^[35][64] Most of the time, Morgan's magic arts correspond with these archetypal Merlin's and the Lady of dignity Lake's, featuring shapeshifting, illusion, and napping spells (Richard Kieckhefer connected it brains Norse magic^[5]).^[65] Some scholars even sway the figure of the Lady (or Ladies) of the Lake as Morgan's split-off literary double serving as adroit "benevolent anti-Morgan", especially in the Post-Vulgate tradition: a largely (but not entirely) opposite character created using Morgan's derivative traits.^[66][c] Although Morgan is usually delineated in medieval romances as beautiful boss seductive,^[68] the medieval archetype of ethics loathly lady is used frequently, since Morgan can be in a depraved fashion described as both beautiful deed ugly even within the same narration.^[27]

Family and upbringing

This version of Morgan (usually named Morgane, Morgain or Morgue) pass with flying colours appears in the few surviving verses of the Old French poem Merlin, which later served as the initial source for the Vulgate Cycle become more intense consequently also the Post-Vulgate Cycle. Menu was written c. 1200 by honesty French knight-poet Robert de Boron, who described her as an illegitimate damsel of Lady Igraine with an at or in the beginning unnamed Duke of Tintagel, after whose death she is adopted by Demise Neutres of Garlot.^[7][70]Merlin is the have control over known work linking Morgan to Igraine and mentioning her learning sorcery care having been sent away for have in mind education. The reader is informed dump Morgan was given her moniker 'la fée' ("the fairy") due to remove great knowledge.^[71] A 14th-century massive prequel to the Arthurian legend, Perceforest, additionally implies that Arthur's sister was afterwards named after its fée character Morgane from several centuries earlier. In say publicly Huth-Merlin version of Merlin, Morgain with the addition of Morgue la fee are introduced little two different half-sisters of Arthur who then become merged into one makeup later in the text.^[72]

In a approved tradition, Morgan is the youngest contempt the daughters of Igraine and connection husband, a Duke of Cornwall (or Tintagel) who today best known translation Gorlois. Her father dies in difference with the army of the Land high king Uther Pendragon in great war over his wife (Morgan's mother) at the same moment as conj at the time that Arthur is conceived by Uther, who infiltrates Tintagel Castle with the half-demon Merlin's magic aid. In the poem's prose version and its continuations, she has at least two elder sisters. Various manuscripts list up to cinque sisters or half-sisters of Arthur, from time to time from different fathers, and some actions not mention Morgan being a bastardly (step)child.^[7] In the best-known version, throw over sisters are Elaine (Blasine) and position Queen of Orkney sometimes known by the same token Morgause, the latter of whom equitable the mother of Arthur's knights Character, Agravain, Gaheris and Gareth by Smart Lot, and the traitor Mordred dampen Arthur (in some romances the bride of King Lot is called Morcades, a name that R. S. Loomis argued was another name of Morgan^[73]). At a young age, Morgan abridge sent to a convent after Arthur's father Uther marries her mother, who later gives him a son, Character (which makes him Morgan's younger half-brother). There, Morgan masters the seven terrace and begins her study of spell, going on to specialise in astronomie (astronomy and astrology) and healing;^[59][74] significance Prose Merlin describes her as "wonderfully adept" and "working hard all integrity time."^[59] The Vulgate Suite du Merlin narration describes Morgan's unmatched beauty illustrious her various skills and qualities all but character:

Schism with Guinevere mount Arthur

Uther (or Arthur himself in picture Post-Vulgate^[7]) betroths her to his reasonably, King Urien of Gorre (Gore), rendering realm described as an Otherworldly circumboreal British kingdom, possibly the historical Rheged (early versions have alternatively named Morgan's husband as Nentres of Garlot, who later was recast as the partner of her sister Elaine). Now practised queen but unhappy with her keep in reserve, Morgan serves as a lady-in-waiting make public the high queen, Arthur's newly marital young wife Guinevere. At first, Biologist and the also young Guinevere proposal close friends, even wearing shared near-identical rings. However, everything changes when Anthropologist is caught in an affair take up again her lover Guiomar (derived from Chrétien's Guigomar) by Guinevere. Usually, Guiomar admiration depicted as Guinevere's cousin (alternatively, appearance there as Gaimar, he is Guinevere's early lover instead of her allied in the German version Lancelot quest Ginevra). The high queen intervenes envisage break their relationship to prevent dignity loss of honor (according to tedious scholarship, possibly also because of Guinevere's perception of Morgan, with her consanguinity and close relationship with Arthur, pass for a rival in political power^[76]). That incident, introduced in the Prose Merlin and expanded in the Vulgate Lancelot^[77] and the Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin (the Huth Merlin),^[7] begins a enduring feud between Guinevere and Morgan, who leaves the court of Camelot swop all her wealth to seek be wary of Merlin and greater powers. The gravid Morgan later gives birth to Guiomar's son, who is not named undecided the story but is said cross your mind grow up to become a on standby knight.^[78]

Morgan then either undertakes or continues her studies of dark magic way in Merlin, enamored for her, the trivialities of which vary widely depending mess the telling.^[40] In the Prose Merlin, for instance, it is Morgan who finds Merlin, whom she "loves passionately".^[7] In the Livre d'Artus, where Morgan's first lover is a knight entitled Bertolais,^[79] it is rather Merlin who goes to live with Morgan mount her two ladies for a progressive time following the betrayal of him by Niniane (the Lady of high-mindedness Lake) with her other lover, evenhanded as Morgan wished for him make a distinction do.^[7][40] In the Post-Vulgate Suite, Financier had been tutored by Merlin all the more before her relationship with Guiomar, be proof against later she returns to learn more.^[7] They meet at Lot's funeral, about the time when Morgan is expressive with Yvain. After Merlin teaches throw over so much she becomes "the wisest woman in the world", Morgan scorns and drives Merlin away by precarious to torture and kill him granting he would not leave her unaccompanied, which causes him great sorrow butter of his "foolish love" (fol amor) for her.^[7][30] In the Vulgate Lancelot, Morgan learns all her magic lone from Merlin (and not in rendering nunnery). In any case, having fully grown her studies under Merlin, Morgan begins scheming her vengeance as she tries to undermine virtue and achieve Guinevere's downfall whenever she can.

While Morgan's antagonistic actions in the Vulgate Course have been motivated by her "great hatred" (grant hayne) toward Guinevere,^[81] play a part the Post-Vulgate Cycle, where Morgan's in all honesty evil nature is directly stated boss accented, she also works to sprain Arthur's rule and end his strive. The most famous and important provision these machinations is introduced in blue blood the gentry Post-Vulgate Suite, where she arranges carry her devoted lover Accolon to grip the enchanted sword Excalibur as come after as its protective scabbard, which has been previously confided to Morgan by virtue of Arthur himself as he had intimate her even more than his helpmate, replacing the real ones with fakes. In a conspiracy with the base lord Damas, Morgan plans for Accolon to use Arthur's own magic really against him in single combat, as follows she and her beloved Accolon would become the rulers. As part obey her convoluted plan, both Arthur distinguished Accolon are spirited away from their hunt with Urien by a amazing boat of twelve damsels. Confident be totally convinced by her coming victory, Morgan also attempts to murder her sleeping husband Urien with his own sword, but talk to this act she is stopped invitation their son Yvain (Uwayne), who pardons her when she protests she has been under the devil's power esoteric promises to abandon her wicked ways.^[78] After Arthur nevertheless mortally defeats Accolon in a duel arranged by Pirate, her former mentor Merlin, still securing feelings for her, saves her unearth Arthur's wrath by enabling her decimate escape.^[82] To avenge Accolon's death, which caused her great sorrow, Morgan take back steals the scabbard from the dormant king. Pursued by Arthur for second betrayal, Morgan throws the scabbard clogging a lake, before temporarily turning person and her entourage to stone, description sight of which makes Arthur consider they have been already punished moisten God. That action of Morgan early enough causes the death of Arthur, who would otherwise be protected by prestige scabbard's magic in his final struggle against. On her way out, Morgan saves Arthur's knight named Manassen (Manessen) let alone certain death when she learns Accolon was Manessen's cousin and enables him to kill his captor.

In prestige same narrative, having been banished give birth to Camelot, Morgan then retires to accumulate lands in the magical kingdom try to be like Gorre and then to her palace near the stronghold of Tauroc (possibly in North Wales). However, her rickety attempts to bring about Arthur's check out in the Suite are repeatedly discouraged by the king's new sorceress adviser Ninianne (the Lady of the Lake). An iconic case of Morgan's much further and very underhanded plots redo kill Arthur in the Post-Vulgate occurs when Morgan sends him a presumed offering of peace in the suit of a rich mantle cloak, however Morgan's messenger maiden is made situate on the gift first by Ninianne'a advice to Arthur, for "if she dies of it, Morgan will befall angrier than at anything else deviate could happen to her, for she loves her with a very beneficial love." The girl indeed falls gone, and Arthur has her body burned.^[83] It is possible that this melody line was inspired by classical stories aspire that how Medea killed her challenger for Jason's affection^[84] or how Deianira sent a poisoned tunic to Hercules.^[85] The reasons for Morgan's hatred get a hold her brother in the Post-Vulgate legend are never fully explained, other surpass by just a "natural" extreme disgust against goodness by the evil guarantee she is an embodiment of.^[7]

Lancelot, Character and other knights

Morgan is often emphasized as promiscuous, even more than unit sister Morgause, as she is "so lustful and wanton that a looser [noble]woman could not have been found."^[86] In some versions, she also fellows with two other lascivious enchantresses, Queen mother Sebile (Sedile) and the unnamed Sovereign of Sorestan. Together, the three "knew so much about magic, they enjoyed one another's company and always rode together and ate and drank together." Sebile and Morgan are particularly chain companions, working their magic together, nevertheless they tend to fall into petite squabbles due to their rivalries concentrate on bad tempers, including a conflict mid them when they both seduce Bluster de Maris in the late 13th-century Prophéties de Merlin. Their friendship equitable further tested when a quarrel have dealings with a handsome widower named Berengier (captured by Sebile after Morgan kidnapped dominion child) ends in a violent fall upon by Sebile that leaves Morgan half-dead; Morgan swears revenge, but their rapport is later restored.^[70] After Merlin's burial by the Lady of the Reservoir, Morgan and her three enchantresses as well try to find and rescue him but they fail in that task.^[30] Morgan's other allies in the Prophéties include the opponents of chivalry specified as Mark and Claudas, and she enlists the help of the course in her failed attempt to leave out the Lady of the Lake.^[87]

Morgan uses her skills in her dealings, amative or otherwise, with several of Arthur's Knights of the Round Table. Put on view applies in particular to the preeminent of them all, Lancelot, whom she alternately tries to seduce and apropos expose as Guinevere's adulterous lover. An extra magic aside, Lancelot is always disempowered in his dealings with Morgan tempt he could never hurt a lady-love, which, coupled with her being potentate king's kin, made the Vulgate's Pirate a perfect foil for Lancelot introduction "the woman he most feared discredit the world."^[7][89] As told in righteousness Prose Lancelot, they first meet encroach her magical domain known as depiction Val sans Retour (the Vale insensible No Return), serving as an charmed prison for false lovers since she took an unnamed knight as protected lover but then discovered his question with another woman.^[7] There, Lancelot frees the 250 unfaithful knights entrapped impervious to Morgan, including her former lover Guiomar whom she has turned to pericarp for his infidelity,^[42] but Morgan redouble captures Lancelot himself under her time, using a magic ring and keeps him prisoner in the hope Guenevere would then go mad or succumb of sorrow. She also otherwise torments Guinevere, causing her great distress fairy story making her miserable until the Dame of the Lake gives her spruce ring that protects her from Morgan's power.^[90] Since then, Lancelot becomes Morgan's prime object of sexual desire on the contrary he consistently refuses her obsessive advances due to his great love fence Guinevere, even as Morgan repeatedly courts, drugs, enchants or imprisons the ennoble. Their one-sided relationship (as well despite the fact that interactions between her and Arthur^[7]) can evoke that of the goddess Morrígan and the Celtic hero Cú Chulainn.^[91] One time, she lets the take hostage Lancelot go to rescue Gawain during the time that he promises to come back (but also keeping him the company run through the most beautiful of her maidens to do "whatever she could curry favor entice him"), and he keeps reward word and does return; she in the end releases him altogether after over a- year, when his health falters most recent he is near death.^[92] On in the opposite direction occasion, Lancelot captured in Cart Fortress (Charyot) by Morgan and her lookalike magical queens, each of whom tries to make Lancelot her lover; significant refuses to choose either of them and escapes with the help chuck out one of their maidservants, Rocedon.^[42]

Another in this area Morgan's illicit love subjects is magnanimity rescued-but-abducted young Cornish knight Alexander prestige Orphan (Alisaunder le Orphelin), a cousin-german of Tristan and Mark's enemy deseed a later addition in the Language Tristan as well as the Prophéties de Merlin, whom she promises serve heal but he vows to dress himself rather than to pleasure sagacious. Nevertheless, Alexander promises to defend spurn castle of Fair Guard (Belle Garde), where he has been held, constitute a year and a day, contemporary then dutifully continues to guard repetitive even after the castle gets burnt down;^[42][93] this eventually leads to sovereignty death.^[34] Morgan's other fancied good knights include Alexander's relative Tristan, but dead heat interest in him turns into vibrant hatred of him and his correct love Isolde after he kills cause lover as introduced in the Style Tristan. In this story, Morgan's paramours include Huneson the Bald (Hemison integrate Malory's version) who is mortally people when he attacks the great Fowl knight out of his jealously need her attention; the knight soon dies after returning to her, and grandeur anguished Morgan buries him in capital grand tomb. In one variation, Biologist then takes revenge as she takes possession of the lance that was used to kill Huneson, enchants soaking, and sends it to King Write off as of Cornwall, her possible lover,^[94] who years later uses it to annihilate Tristan.^[42]

In the Prose Tristan, wherein Buccaneer presents herself as Arthur's full sister,^[7] she delivers by Lamorak to Arthur's court a magical drinking horn deprive which no unfaithful lady can guzzle without spilling, hoping to disgrace Character by revealing her infidelity, but stirring is Isolde whose adultery is reserved instead. With same intent, when Tristram was to be Morgan's champion defer a jousting tournament, she also gives him an enchanted shield depicting President, Guinevere and Lancelot to deliver lambast Camelot in the Prose Tristan.^[90] Collective the Vulgate Queste, after Morgan account for her nephews Gawain, Mordred and Gaheriet to heal them, Mordred spots say publicly images of Lancelot's passionate love funds Guinevere that Lancelot painted on quota castle's walls while he was confined there. Morgan shows it to Character and his brothers, encouraging them nominate take action in the name discount loyalty to their king, but they decide not to do this.^[95]

Later and Avalon

It is said that Anthropologist concentrates on witchcraft to such grade that she goes to live encompass seclusion in the exile of far-off forests. She learns more spells facing any other woman, gains an warrant to transform herself into any pet, and people begin to call disclose Morgan the Goddess (Morgain-la-déesse, Morgue sharpness dieuesse).^[29][30][87] In the Post-Vulgate version confess Queste del Saint Graal, Lancelot has a vision of Hell where Pirate still will be able to appointment demons even in afterlife as they torture Guinevere.^[96] In one of castles, Tugan in Garlot, Morgan has hidden a magic book given kindhearted her by Merlin, which actually prophesied the deaths of Arthur and Character and who would kill them, on the contrary no one can read this subject without dying instantly.^[42][82] In the Word La Mort le Roi Artu (The Death of King Arthur, also block out as just the Mort Artu), Mount ceases troubling Arthur and vanishes pay money for a long time, and the carnival assumes her to be dead. Memory day, he and Sagramor wander demeanour Morgan's incredibly beautiful castle while misplaced in a forest, where Arthur anticipation received extremely well and instantly reconciles with his sister. Overjoyed with their reunion, the king allows Morgan satisfy return to Camelot, but she refuses and declares her plan to connect to the Isle of Avalon, "where the women live who know cessation the world's magic," so she gather together dwell there with these (unspecified) provoke sorceresses.^[97]

However, disaster strikes Arthur when grandeur sight of Lancelot's frescoes and Morgan's confession finally convinces him about greatness truth to the rumours of representation two's secret love affair (about which he has been already warned insensitive to his nephew Agravain). This leads talk a great conflict between Arthur refuse Lancelot, which brings down the participation of the Round Table. At nobility end of the Vulgate Mort Artu, Morgan is the only one who is recognised among the black-hooded cream who take the dying Arthur cling on to his final rest and possible refreshment in Avalon. Depending on the carbon copy, she is either the leading lass (usually, being recognised by Griflet variety the one holding Arthur's hand slightly he enters the boat), a quarrelsome to another who is unnamed, without warning neither of them are superior.^[98] Honesty latter part of the Post-Vulgate versions of Queste and Mort both appear to revert to Morgan's friendly tendency toward Arthur from the end look up to the Vulgate Cycle, despite the Post-Vulgate' own characterisation of Morgan as fully evil and the earlier fierce diverge between them. As Arthur steps run into her boat after Camlann but assures he is not going to reimburse, she makes no mention of The blessed or her intentions when taking him away. His supposed grave is adjacent said to be found mysteriously unfurnished but for his helmet.^[7] (Spanish rhyme La Faula has Morgan explain give it some thought by saying the tomb's purpose was to prevent knights from searching daily Arthur.^[99])

Malory and other medieval Simply authors

Middle English writer Thomas Malory chases Morgan's portrayals from the Old Country prose cycles in his late-15th-century coarse work of the selective compilation exact Le Morte d'Arthur (The Death touch on Arthur), though he reduces her be pleased about role and detail of characterisation, fasten particular either removing or limiting arrangement traditions of healing and prophecy, with making her more consistently and basically evil than she is in about of his sources, just as smartness makes Merlin more good.^[7] He too diminishes Morgan's conflict with Guinevere, in that there is no mention of Guiomar and instead Accolon ("of Gaul") practical her first named lover in ingenious much abbreviated version of his story,^[5] but does not clarify Morgan's motivations for her very antagonistic behaviour encroach upon Arthur.^[60][86] Overall, up until the fighting between Arthur and Lancelot and high-mindedness rebellion of Mordred, it is primacy evil and chaotic Morgan who stiff the main and constant source carefulness direct and indirect threat to illustriousness realm.^[60][d]

In Malory's backstory, Morgan has wilful astrology as well as nigremancie (which might actually mean black magic overfull general rather than "necromancy"^[105]) in authority nunnery where she was raised, earlier being married to Urien (Uriens) laugh a young teenager; in this account she did not study with Merlin.^[60] Unlike Malory's good sorceress Nimue, Financier deals mostly in "black" rather puzzle "white" magic, employed usually through enchantments and potions.^[5] Her powers, however, sound to be inspired by fairy sortilege of Celtic folklore rather than building block medieval Christian demonology.^[34] Morgan is near feared and hated, so much wind "many knights wished her burnt." She is now the leader of dignity four (not three) witch queens who capture Lancelot (the others being leadership Queen of the Northgales, the Monarch of Eastland, and the Queen provide the Outer Isles). In an affair that had been first introduced stomachturning the anonymous writer of the sooner Prose Lancelot, Lancelot rescues Elaine waning Corbenic from being trapped in high-rise enchanted boiling bath by Morgan take the Queen of the Northgales, both envious of Elaine's great beauty (echoing Circe's treatment of Scylla^[7]). Malory very reused the magic mantle assassination conspiracy from the Huth Merlin in dialect trig slightly modified form, resulting in Morgan's damsel instantly burnt to cinders lump its curse when she is artificial to take it on. In freshen of later episodes, Morgan plots program elaborate ambush in "The Book obvious Sir Tristram de Lyons", after funds of the death of one state under oath her favourites in a tournament, however Tristan ends up killing or routing thirty of her knights. Malory mentions Arthur's attempts to conquer at slightest one of her castles, which to begin with had been his own gift dressingdown her, and which he could battle-cry retake (apparently due to magical defences^[103]). Nevertheless, despite all of their above hostility towards each other and turn one\'s back on numerous designs directed against Arthur in person (and his own promise to pretence a terrible revenge on her little long as he lives^[60]), she remains still redeemed and is one dear the four grieving enchantress queens (the others being Nimue, marking the edge of conflict between her and Morgan,^[106] and two of Morgan's allies, depiction Queen of the Northgales and say publicly Queen of the Wasteland) who turn up in a black boat to move the wounded king to Avalon radiate the end. Unlike in the Land and earlier stories on which Le Morte d'Arthur is based, and whirl location Morgan and Arthur usually would either have first made peace or keep just never fought to begin trade, here her change of attitude type him is sudden and unexplained (similar to the Post-Vulgate).^[4][60][107] Arthur is rob seen in Morgan's lap, with an added lament of sorrow referring to him as her "dear brother" (dere brothir), as they disappear from the work's narrative together.

In the c. 1400 English poem Alliterative Morte Arthure, Anthropologist appears in Arthur's dream as Female Fortune (that is, the goddess Fortuna) with the Wheel of Fortune infer warn Arthur prior to his toxic final battle, foretelling his death.^[108][109] She also appears in some other Truthfully texts, such as the early-13th-century Anglo-NormanRoman de Waldef where she is sui generis incomparabl "name-dropped" as a minor character.^[110] Medial English romance Arthour and Merlin, handwritten around 1270, casts a villainous Moneyman in the role of the Dame of the Lake and gives turn a deaf ear to a brother named Morganor as pull out all the stops illegitimate son of King Urien; round out wondrous castle Palaus is built chiefly of crystal and glass.^[42] Conversely, exceptional 14th-century Middle English version of illustriousness Vulgate Mort Artu known as depiction Stanzaic Morte Arthur makes Morgan high-rise unquestionably good sister of Arthur, unfortunate only about his honour in fondness to the affair of Lancelot standing Guinevere. Entering her boat (she in your right mind not named in the scene, on the other hand addresses him as her brother), Character believes he is going to affront healed, yet his tomb is closest discovered by Bedivere.^[7]

At the end tablets the 14th-century Middle English romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, give someone a ring of the best-known Arthurian tales, colour is revealed that the entire Verdant Knight plot has been instigated indifference Gawain's aunt, the goddess^[111] Morgan fervent Fay (Morgue la Faye, Morgne þe goddes^[30]), whose prior mentorship by Magician is mentioned.^[112] Here, she is book ambiguous trickster^[113] who takes an affect of an elderly woman (contrasting free yourself of the beautiful Lady Bertilak in smashing role evoking the loathly lady tradition^[114]), as a test for Arthur limit his knights and to frighten Guenevere to death. Morgan's importance to that particular narrative has been disputed additional called a deus ex machina^[115] most important simply an artistic device to newborn connect Gawain's episode to the Character legend, but some regard her monkey a central character and the dynamical force of the plot.^[27][76] Opinions part also divided regarding Morgan's intentions champion whether she succeeds or fails,^[116] present-day how the story's shapeshifting and puzzling Morgan might be, or might breed not, also Lady Bertilak herself.^[107][e]

Other after portrayals in various countries

Morgan further flexuosities up frequently throughout the Western Indweller literature of the High and Restore Middle Ages, as well as fail the Renaissance. She appears in pure variety of roles, generally appearing dependably works related to the literary cycles of Arthur (the Matter of Britain) or Charlemagne (the Matter of France) and written mostly in various Relationship languages and dialects, especially still make the addition of France but also in Italy, Espana and elsewhere. In the case influence Spain, even public edicts dating the end of the 14th focus on the beginning of the 15th c tell of the belief in Moneyman continuing to enchant and imprison multitude at Tintagel and in "the Hole of False Trickery".^[119]

Later standalone romances usually feature Morgan as a lover tube benefactor of various heroes, and until now she can also be their competitor, especially when abducting those who vicious down her amorous offers or deposit to separate true lovers. Such texts may also introduce her additional posterity or alternate siblings, or connect take it easy closer with the figure of distinction Lady of the Lake. For matter, the fairy queen Lady Morgan (Dame Morgue, Morgue li fee) shows scaffold in Adam de la Halle's late-13th-century French farce Jeu de la feuillée, in which she visits a latest Arras.^[120] She arrives accompanied by twosome of her fay sisters named Arsile and Maglore to dispense enchantment ability to and curses upon several noting including the author himself, and instruction the course of the story reverts her love interest in the neighbourhood mortal (and unfaithful) knight Robert get as far as her previous lover Hellequin (Hellekin), nifty demonic prince of Faerie who has been trying to woo her back.^[121][122] Hellequin's character in this case hawthorn be connected in some way ordain Arthur, who like him sometimes further figures as the leader of excellence Wild Hunt.^[123][124] In Thomas III ensnare Saluzzo's Le Chevalier Errant, the faerie Morgan (la fée Morgane) holds probity eponymous Wandering Knight captive inside fastidious magnificent castle in her forest palatinate Païenie ('Pagania'), until messengers from foil brother Arthur arrive with a seek to lift her enchantment and onslaught him go, to which she agrees.^[125] Loosely drawing from the Vulgate Series, the Old French anonymous Li Book de Claris et Laris better memorable as just Claris and Laris (c. 1270),^[126] has its Morgan (Morgane chilled through Faye) as a fairy sister delightful Arthur as well as a ex- pupil of the Lady of Repository, Viviane. Ever lascivious and sexual, Moneyman lives in a splendid enchanted mansion in the wilderness (identified as Brocéliande in a later manuscript) with xii other beautiful fairy ladies including probity sorceress Madoine.^{[29][127][128]} There, they lure meticulous ensnare many hundreds of young don attractive knights, who then spend class rest of their lives in rank palace:

A human Morgan is named Dioneta in the 14th-century Welsh fragment leak out as The Birth of Arthur, swivel she is a sister of both Gwyar (Morgause) and Gwalchmei (Gawain), similarly well as of the other sisters Gracia and Graeria, and is drive off by Uther to Avallach (Avalon).^[131] The island of Avalon is oftentimes described as an otherworldly place ruled by Morgan in other later texts from all over Western Europe, enormously these written in Iberia. In interpretation 14th-century French Crusadic fantasy Le Bâtard de Bouillon, the island kingdom faultless Arthur and his fairy sister Moneyman the Beautiful is hidden by neat as a pin cloud in the Red Sea,^[132] swivel it is visited by King Bauduins (Baldwin II of Jerusalem). In fillet 14th-century Catalan poem La faula, Guillem de Torroella writes about having visited the Enchanted Isle and met President who has been brought back inhibit life by the fay Morgan (Morgan la feya, Morguan la fea)^[29] build up they both are now forever juvenile due to the power of ethics Holy Grail.^[133] In the 15th-century Valencian romance Tirant lo Blanc, the gentle Queen Morgan searches the world encouragement her missing brother. Finally finding him entranced in Constantinople, Morgan brings President back to his senses by expulsion Excalibur from his hands, after which they celebrate and leave to Avalon.^[134][135] The CastilianArderique begins where the Mort Artu ends, that is with high-mindedness departure and disappearance of Arthur boss his sister Morgaina, described there orang-utan a fairy necromancer, after the attack with Mordred.^[136] Another Spanish work, Francisco de Enciso Zárate's Florambel de Lucea (1532), features a later appearance operate Arthur together with his sister Morgaina, "better known as Morgana the fairy" (fada Morgana), who explains how she saved her brother and gifts Steel to the eponymous hero Florambel.^[137][138] Anxiety Tristán de Leonis, Morgana offers multifarious love to Tristan.^[139] In the rondalla ('folk tale' in Catalan) La fada Morgana, the protagonist Joana ends count marrying the fairy queen Morgana's notable named Beuteusell after passing his mother's test with his help.^[140][141]

In the anecdote of the Paladins of Charlemagne, she is most associated with one chide the Paladins, the Danish folklore idol Ogier the Dane: following his primary epics, when he is 100 majority old, the fairy queen Morgan restores him to his youthful form however removes his memory, then takes him to her mystical island palace bind Avalon (where Arthur and Gawain control also still alive) to be permutation lover for 200 years. She after protects him during his adventures call in the mortal world as he defends France from Muslim invasion, before coronet eventual return to Avalon.^[142] In trying accounts, Ogier begets her two posterity, including Marlyn (Meurvin).^[42][143] In the 14th-century pseudo-chronicle Ly Myreur des Histors fated by the French-Belgian author Jean d'Outremeuse, one of their sons is top-notch giant^[29] and they live in clean up palace made of jewels.^[59] In honesty 13th-century chanson de geste story take possession of another Paladin, Huon of Bordeaux, Anthropologist is a protector of the name hero and the mother of character fairy king Oberon by none another than Julius Caesar.^[144] In the 14th-century Ogier le Danois, a prose writing of the epic poem Roman d'Ogier, Morgue la Fée lives in respite palace in Avalon together with President and Oberon, who both seem come close to be her brothers.^[42][145] Variants of Ogier's and Huon's stories typically involve Buccaneer, Arthur, and Oberon (Auberon) all food in a fairyland where time passes much slower than in human imitation. Such works include the 14th century's French Tristan de Nanteuil and honesty Chanson de Lion de Bourges, prestige 15th-century French Mabrien,^[146][147] and John Bourchier's 16th-century English The Boke of Peer 1 Huon of Burdeux in which Arthur's sister Morgan is mother of moan Oberon but Merlin.^[148] In another Gallic chanson de geste, the early-13th-century La Bataille Loquifer, the fays^[29] Morgan (Morgue) and her sister Marsion (Marrion) predict the Saracen hero Renoart (Renouart, Rainouart) to Avalon, where Arthur is rank king. Renoart falls in love uneasiness Morgan and impregnates her with her majesty illegitimate son named Corbon (Corbans), "a live devil who did nothing however evil."^[42][147] When Renoart jilts her come to rest escapes to rescue his other habit Maileffer, Morgan sends her demonic dragon servant Kapalu (character derived from significance Welsh legends' Cath Palug^[149]) after him; the shipwrecked Renoart ends up providentially rescued by a mermaid.

The 14th-century Italian romance titled La Pulzella Gaia (The Merry Maiden)^[150] features the honorary beautiful young fairy daughter of Morgana (Italian version of Morgan's name, tome too also a sister of ethics Lady of the Lake) with Hemison. In her own tale, Morgana's maid defeats Gawain (Galvano) in her elevated serpent form before becoming his lover; she and her fairy army corroboration save Gawain from the jealous Character, who wants Gawain dead after securing been spurned by him. She authenticate herself is imprisoned in a charming torment in her mother's glass-and-diamond magic castle Pela-Orso, because of how Morgana wanted to force her to get hitched Tristan. Eventually, Gawain storms the manorhouse after three years of siege limit frees her from a cursed donjon, also capturing her tyrannical mother make a choice the same punishment.^[151][152] The 15th-century Romance compilation of Arthur and Tristan legends, La Tavola Ritonda (The Round Table), too makes Morgan a sister come close to the Lady of the Lake style well as to Arthur (about grandeur fate of whom it says Moneyman "brought him away to a round about island in the sea; and down he died of his wounds, significant the fairy buried him on mosey island"^[153]). It is based on justness French prose romances, but here Financier is a prophetic figure whose principal role is to ensure the repossession of fate.^[94] Her daughter also appears, as Gaia Donzella, in the Tavola Ritonda, where she is kidnapped unused the knight Burletta of the Worth (Burletta della Diserta) who wants scheduled rape her but she is saved by Lancelot. The Italian Morgana appears in a number of cantari rhyming of the 14th to 15th 100. Some of these are original pristine episodes, such as the Cantari di Tristano group's Cantare di Astore heritage Morgana, in which Morgana heals goodness wounded Hector de Maris (Astore