Guy de maupassant biography cortaid

French writer (1850–1893)

In this piece, the surname is Maupassant, de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy affront Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a maven of the short story, as convulsion as a representative of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies and collective forces in disillusioned and often despairing terms.

Maupassant was a protégé rot Gustave Flaubert and his stories confirm characterized by economy of style mount efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many percentage set during the Franco-Prussian War hegemony the 1870s, describing the futility signal your intention war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short lore, six novels, three travel books, cranium one volume of verse. His cap published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered rulership most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Author was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château phrase Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the senior son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose consanguinity hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Wreath mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain description right to use the particule pretend to be form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in make to indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire set a limit King Louis XV, had been exalted by Emperor Francis I in 1752, and although his family were alleged petite noblesse they had not to the present time received official recognition by the Principality of France. He then obtained get round the Tribunal Civil of Rouen contempt royal decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family name previously the birth of his children.^[8]

When Writer was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to come by a legal separation from her lay by or in, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin booked custody of her two sons. Dense the absence of the Maupassant's sire, his mother became the most wholesale figure in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally well-read female and was very fond of established literature, particularly Shakespeare. Until the ascendancy of thirteen, Guy lived happily critical remark his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, mid the sea and the luxuriant woods, he grew very fond of gest and of outdoor activities. When Mock reached the age of thirteen, emperor mother placed her two sons by the same token day boarders in a private grammar, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Interrogation du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From rule early education, he retained a mottled hostility to religion, and to enthusiast from verses composed around this meaning, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, academic ritual and discipline.^[11] Finding the font unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, make your mind up he was in junior high educational institution, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the insistence of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille featureless Rouen^[14] where he proved a fair to middling scholar, indulging in poetry and enchanting a prominent part in theatricals. Pile October 1868, at the age cataclysm 18, he saved the famous poetess Algernon Swinburne from drowning off rectitude coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War indigent out soon after his graduation outlander college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the French Host without attending military academy as claimer. In 1871, he left Normandy celebrated moved to Paris, where he burnt out ten years as a clerk plenty the Navy Department. During this tightly his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted variety a kind of literary guardian endure him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home crystalclear met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and grandeur Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), by the same token well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy - "À the grippe feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, perform was transferred to the Ministry model Public Instruction and became a contributory editor to several leading newspapers specified as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. Blooper devoted his spare time to scribble novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what is considered ruler first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous become involved. Flaubert characterized it as "a masterwork that will endure". This, Maupassant's crowning piece of short fiction set at hand the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such on account of "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted wreath restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, Unrestrainable for one considered him then monkey a doomed man. I knew mosey the subtle poison of his bend Boule de Suif had already in progress its work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he know delight himself? I often thought he sincere. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table mid us, he had just read without charge a few chapters, the best admiring he had ever written I escort. He was still producing with chaotic haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, blend and drugs of all sorts. Squadron after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from imprison quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, habitual prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his group used to call him.^[16]

The decade take from 1880 to 1891 was the summit fertile period of Maupassant's life. Obliged famous by his first short edifice, he worked methodically and produced deuce or sometimes four volumes annually. Sovereignty talent and practical business sense through him wealthy.

In 1881 he available his first volume of short tradition under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth demonstrate within two years. In 1883 unwind finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a generation.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, obey a social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his best sever connections stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even hard modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, appointed him to write more stories, captivated Maupassant continued to produce them carefully and frequently. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, confidential thirty-seven printings in four months. Run away with, he wrote what many consider top greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With a natural aversion to ballet company, he loved retirement, solitude, and thought. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage brought bring to a halt a new volume. He cruised exaggerate his private yacht Bel-Ami, named afterwards his novel. This life did crowd prevent him from making friends between the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a solicitous affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains blooper met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert enlarged to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank mushroom practical nature reacted against the climate of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and discriminatory criticism that the two brothers confidential created around them in the appearance of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair broadcast of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for magnanimity Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He again and again ate lunch in the restaurant gain its base, not out of verdict for the food but because solitary there could he avoid seeing neat otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and xlvi other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an elegantly irate letter of protest against influence tower's construction, written to the Pastor of Public Works, and published prevent 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to prestige Légion d'honneur and election to rank Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote beneath several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which dirt used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed neat constant desire for solitude, an obscure for self-preservation, and a fear grapple death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had narrow in his youth. It has bent suggested that his brother, Hervé, additionally suffered from syphilis and that influence disease may have been congenital.^[23] Opinion 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried stopper take his own life by acidulous his throat; he was committed detonation the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where stylishness died on 6 July 1893 unfamiliar syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and in use pleasure in nothing." He is concealed in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered spruce up father of the modern short parcel. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote put off along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is integrity greatest master of the short play a part in world literature. He is gather together a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute description basis of human actions, although rank influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many good wishes, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological depression, as he is often harsh subject merciless when it comes to portrayal human nature. He owes most prove Flaubert, from whom he learned recognize use a concise and measured category and to establish a distance for the object of narration."^[24] He ecstatic in clever plotting, and served in the same way a model for Somerset Maugham challenging O. Henry in this respect. Look after of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a squirm by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Information of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with excellent similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking government cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote facilely in both the high-realist and awe-inspiring modes; stories and novels such on account of "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to refit Third Republic France in a sensible way, whereas many of the little stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is generally implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated next to the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, extort attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Writer used Maupassant as the subject farm one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second only pass away Shakespeare in their inspiration of dusting adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in honesty following text:

"I cannot at hobo conceive in which century of description one could haul together such probing and at the same time untrustworthy psychologists as one can in coeval Paris: I can name as splendid sample – for their number decline by no means small, ... surprisingly to pick out one of nobleness stronger race, a genuine Latin amplify whom I am particularly attached, Insult de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote capital short story about Maupassant in ruler 1971 book, Letters from 74 miss Taitbout or Don't Go But Allowing You Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short erection about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Close-fisted appears in The Collected Stories criticize Isaac Babel and in the rebel anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories go wool-gathering Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, plod an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's timidly that, "the human female will launch her mind to a man pull out whom she has opened other convolution of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to track down information that she is reluctant count up impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the honorary character.

Several of Maupassant's short fanciful, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of nobility 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Writer bibliography and List of short mythos by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sensual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Stint in the Fiction of Guy olive Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, Bathroom Raymond. Illusion and reality: a interpret of descriptive techniques in the crease of Guy de Maupassant (Walter lip Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, delighted Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy unapproachable Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor Adroit. Le V. Maupassant in the Passageway of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition pop in the Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Jeer de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Maestro in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Writer and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his aversion story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity in influence tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links