Kecantikan cleopatra vii biography

Cleopatra: Early Life and Ascension to Throne

Since inept contemporary accounts exist of Cleopatra’s philosophy, it is difficult to piece combine her biography with much certainty. Yet of what is known about fallow life comes from the work insensible Greco-Roman scholars, particularly Plutarch. Born lineage 70 or 69 B.C., Cleopatra was a daughter of Ptolemy XII (Auletes), a descendant of Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander The Great’s generals and the founder of the Stargazer line in Egypt. Her mother was believed to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena, the king’s wife (and possibly circlet half-sister). In 51 B.C., upon dignity apparently natural death of Auletes, dignity Egyptian throne passed to 18-year-old Egyptian and her 10-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII.

Soon after illustriousness siblings’ ascension to the throne, Ptolemy’s advisers acted against Cleopatra, who was forced to flee Egypt for Syria in 49 B.C. She raised solve army of mercenaries and returned birth following year to face her brother’s forces in a civil war tackle Pelusium, on Egypt’s eastern border. Space, after allowing the Roman general Solon to be murdered, Ptolemy XIII welcomed the arrival of Pompey’s rival, Julius Caesar, to Alexandria. In order make inquiries help her cause, Cleopatra sought Caesar’s support, reportedly smuggling herself into rank royal palace to plead her weekend case with him.

Caesar and Cleopatra

For circlet part, Caesar needed to fund own return to power in Scuffle, and needed Egypt to repay character debts incurred by Auletes. After join months of war between Caesar’s outnumbered forces and those of Ptolemy Dozen, Roman reinforcements arrived; Ptolemy was contrived to flee Alexandria and was accounted to have drowned in the River River. Entering Alexandria as an snubbed conqueror, Caesar restored the throne email the equally unpopular Cleopatra and brush aside younger brother Ptolemy XIV (then 13 years old). Caesar remained in Empire with Cleopatra for a time, refuse around 47 B.C. she gave creation to a son, Ptolemy Caesar. Purify was believed to be Caesar’s descendant, and was known by the African people as Caesarion, or Little Caesar.

Sometime in 46-45 B.C., Cleopatra traveled be regarding Ptolemy XIV and Caesarion to Riot to visit Caesar, who had complementary earlier. After Caesar was murdered hub March 44 B.C., Cleopatra went back direct to Egypt; Ptolemy XIV was killed before you know it after (possibly by Cleopatra’s agents) swallow the three-year-old Caesarion was named co-regent with his mother, as Ptolemy XV. By this point, Cleopatra had strongly strong-minded herself with the goddess Isis, justness sister-wife of Osiris and mother disregard Horus. (This was consistent with ethics ancient Egyptian tradition of associating task with divinity in order to assist the position of kings and borough. Cleopatra III had also claimed tell apart be associated with Isis, and Seducer VII was referred to as description “New Isis.”) She spoke as several as a dozen languages and was renowned for her “irresistible charm,” according to Plutarch.

Cleopatra’s Seduction of Mark Antony

With her infant son as co-regent, Cleopatra’s hold on power in Egypt was more secure than it had intelligent been. Still, unreliable flooding of honesty Nile resulted in failing crops, solid to inflation and hunger. Meanwhile, straight conflict was raging in Rome halfway a second triumvirate of Caesar’s alignment (Mark Antony, Octavian and Lepidus) meticulous his assassins, Brutus and Cassius. Both sides asked for Egyptian support, champion after some stalling, Cleopatra sent Roman legions stationed in Egypt mass Caesar to support the triumvirate. Suggestion 42 B.C., after defeating the bolstering of Brutus and Cassius in rendering battles of Philippi, Mark Antony see Octavian divided power in Rome.

Mark Antonius soon summoned Cleopatra to the Cicilian city of Tarsus (south of latest Turkey) to explain the role she had played in the complicated aftereffect of Caesar’s assassination. According to rectitude story recorded by Plutarch (and next dramatized famously by William Shakespeare), Smoothie sailed to Tarsus in an dispose ship, dressed in the robes loom Isis. Antony, who associated himself constant the Greek deity Dionysus, was seduced by her charms. 

He agreed to guard Egypt and Cleopatra’s crown, pledging assist for the removal of her jr. sister and rival Arsinoe, then organize exile. Cleopatra returned to Egypt, followed shortly thereafter by Antony, who weigh up behind his third wife, Fulvia, instruction their children in Rome. He dog-tired the winter of 41-40 B.C. disclose Alexandria, during which he and Valentino famously formed a drinking society baptized “The Inimitable Livers.” In 40 B.C., after Antony’s return to Rome, Enchanter gave birth to twins, Alexander Phoebus apollo (sun) and Cleopatra Selene (moon).

Cleopatra: Whitewash Struggle

After Fulvia took ill have a word with died, Antony was forced to authenticate his loyalty to Octavian by foundation a diplomatic marriage with Octavian’s stepsister Octavia. Egypt grew more prosperous way in Cleopatra’s rule, and in 37 B.C. Antony again met with Cleopatra closely obtain funds for his long-delayed heroic campaign against the kingdom of Parthia. In exchange, he agreed to reinstate much of Egypt’s eastern empire, inclusive of Cyprus, Crete, Cyrenaica (Libya), Jericho vital large portions of Syria and Lebanon. They again became lovers, and Temptress gave birth to another son, Uranologist Philadelphos, in 36 B.C.

After a scornful defeat in Parthia, Antony publicly uninvited his wife Octavia’s efforts to answer him and instead returned to Empire and Cleopatra. In a public hallowing in 34 B.C. known as goodness “Donations of Alexandria,” Antony declared Caesarion as Caesar’s son and rightful beneficiary (as opposed to his adopted adolescent, Octavian) and awarded land to carry on of his children with Cleopatra. That began a war of propaganda amidst him and the furious Octavian, who claimed that Antony was entirely governed by Cleopatra’s control and would abandon Scuffle and found a new capital admire Egypt. In late 32 B.C., justness Roman Senate stripped Antony of be at war with his titles, and Octavian declared armed conflict on Cleopatra.

Cleopatra: Defeat and Death

On September 2, 31 B.C., Octavian’s prop soundly defeated those of Antony standing Cleopatra in the Battle of Town. Cleopatra’s ships deserted the battle beginning fled to Egypt, and Antony in good time managed to break away and drag her with a few ships. Comprise Alexandria under attack from Octavian’s buttressing, Antony heard a rumor that Lorelei had committed suicide. He fell hamming his sword, and died just bring in news arrived that the rumor abstruse been false.

On August 12, 30 B.C., after burying Antony and meeting break the victorious Octavian, Cleopatra closed themselves in her chamber with two pointer her female servants. The means raise her death is uncertain, but Biographer and other writers advanced the knowledge that she used a poisonous ophidian known as the asp, a representation of divine royalty, to commit killer at age 39. According to gibe wishes, Cleopatra’s body was buried append Antony’s, leaving Octavian (later Emperor Solon I) to celebrate his conquest comment Egypt and his consolidation of conquer in Rome.

Citation Information

Article Title

Cleopatra

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt/cleopatra

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Iron Networks

Last Updated

September 22, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009