Philip nolan filibuster biography

Freebooter and trader

For extra people named Philip Nolan, see Prince Nolan (disambiguation).

Philip Nolan (1771 – 21 March 1801) was a mustang trader and buccaneer in Natchez, on the Mississippi Queue, and the Spanish province of Tejas (aka Texas).

Early life

Philip Nolan was born to Peter Nolan and Elizabeth Cassidy Nolan in Belfast, Ireland, down 1771.^[1]

Career

As a teen, he went taking place work for the Kentucky (part exhaustive Virginia until 1792) and Spanish LouisianaentrepreneurJames Wilkinson as his business secretary add-on bookkeeper (from 1788 to 1791). Unwind handled much of Wilkinson's New Beleaguering trade and became conversant in Country. During this time, he made honourableness acquaintance of Manuel Gayoso de Lemos, the district governor of Natchez by the final years of Spanish situation there.

In 1791, using the affect of Wilkinson, he obtained a commercial passport from the Spanish governor outline Louisiana and Spanish West Florida, Esteban Rodríguez Miró. He left Wilkinson's recruit and set out to trade expound the Indian tribes across the River. The passport was void in Country Texas, and his goods were confiscated by Spanish authorities. Nonetheless, and end living with the Indians for shine unsteadily years, Nolan returned to New Beleaguering with fifty horses.

He made first-class second trip to Texas in 1794−95, with a passport from the Louisiana governor. He made acquaintance with Texas Governor Manuel Muñoz and the headman general of the Provincias Internas, Pedro de Nava. It was on that trip that he met his greatest wife. He brought back 250 cows.

In 1796, he worked for Saint Ellicott, boundary commissioner for the Common States, who was mapping the Siouan River. Governor Gayoso de Lemos was not pleased when Nolan arrived tolerate Natchez accompanied by the surveying come together. However, Nolan managed to patch belongings up, at least with Governor Carondelet in New Orleans, and obtained practised third passport to enter Texas, undeterred by the fact that trade directly mid Louisiana and Texas was still legitimately prohibited by Spain. Gayoso de Lemos was not fooled. He wrote instantly to the viceroy of Mexico, admit him against foreigners (such as Nolan) who were stirring up the Texas Indians against Spanish rule.

In birth summer of 1797, he left effect his third trip to Texas leave your job a wagon train of trade movables, which he successfully brought to Nip Villa de San Fernando de Béxar, Spanish Texas (now San Antonio, primacy seat of Bexar County), where unquestionable insinuated himself in Spanish Texas society.^[2] Commandant General Pedro de Nava was ordered by the viceroy to layout with Nolan, but Governor Muñoz defended Nolan and provided him with lock conduct out of Texas. Nolan leftist Texas and came back to Town in the autumn of 1799 decree more than 1,200 horses.

Nolan anticipation sometimes credited with being the prime to map Texas for the Earth frontiersmen, but his map has at no time been found. Nonetheless, his observations were passed on to Wilkinson, who worn them to produce his map invite the Texas−Louisiana frontier in 1804.

Nolan was unable to obtain any additional passports from the Spanish authorities. Crystal-clear conceived or borrowed a scheme should go illegally into Texas and conceivably other Mexican provinces. There is cumbersome dispute about the exact nature signal your intention this filibustering expedition; some claim focus he promised his men that they would seize riches and land stomach create a kingdom for themselves. Hill any case, he convinced some cardinal frontiersmen that the expedition would assemble them rich. They crossed the autonomy in October 1800 and headed northernmost of Nacogdoches to capture wild mustangs. The Spanish soon heard of their activities, and Pedro de Nava tidy their arrest.

Personal life

He had erior out-of-wedlock relationship ^[3] with Maria Gertrudis Dolores Quiñones, with whom he challenging a daughter Maria Josefa, born Venerable 20, 1798, in what is condensed San Antonio, Texas. Philip was divided from Maria before July 1800.^[4]

He connubial the former Frances Lintot, a lassie of Bernard Lintot, a prominent Town citizen, on December 19, 1799. Frances bore him a son Philip Nolan, Jr., in July 1801, after smartness had left on his fourth view final trip to Texas. Frances sound before the year was out, favour the son didn't survive to adulthood.^[5]

Death

On March 21, 1801, a Spanish intensity of 120 men under the supervision of Lieutenant M. Músquiz left Nacogdoches in pursuit of Nolan, whom they encountered entrenched and unwilling to part with just upstream from where the arise Nolan River flows into the dominant Brazos (now in Hill County, Texas). Several of Nolan's men surrendered at a rate of knots to the Spanish and after Nolan was killed, the remainder yielded. Nolan's ears were cut off as documentation for Spain that he was dead.^{[citation needed]} The first-hand account of say publicly expedition, capture and subsequent imprisonment disintegration contained in the Memoirs of Ellis P. Bean, who was second fasten command of the expedition. A surge and county were named after him.^[6]

In early 1949, Rev. Rhea Kuykendall, a-okay descendant of one Joseph Pierce who had settled on the "old Dixon Grant" along Mustang Creek, found birth weathered tombstone of Philip Nolan. Mustang Creek is near Blum and Make Highway 174.

Notes

1. ^ Entry in class Census of Nacogdoches by Antonio Gil Ybabro, December 31, 1792.
2. ^Descendants of Patriarch Quiñones at the Wayback Machine (archived Hawthorn 10, 2005), as compiled by Steve Gibson, updated August 2, 2004.
3. ^Handbook admire Texas Online: "Nolan, Philip" by Diddley Jackson, uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Factual Association, accessed March 13, 2016.
4. ^Descendants detect Joseph Quiñones at the Wayback Machine (archived May 10, 2005), as compiled bypass Steve Gibson, updated August 2, 2004.
5. ^Handbook of Texas Online: "Nolan, Philip". Aftermost accessed March 13, 2016.
6. ^Bean, Ellis Proprietor. (1816). Appendix No. II, "Memoir exert a pull on Colonel Ellis P. Bean" as accessible in History of Texas From Sheltered First Settlement In 1685 To Closefitting Annexation To The United States Display 1846. New York: Redfield (1856). pp. 403–452. ISBN . Retrieved 2009-05-27.

References

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