Senator boxer and generally

American politician (born 1940)

"Barbara Levy" redirects here. For the AMA RUC seat, see Barbara Levy, MD.

Barbara Sue Boxer (néeLevy; born Nov 11, 1940) is an American mp, lobbyist, and former reporter who served in the United States Senate, in favour of California from 1993 to 2017. Shipshape and bristol fashion member of the Democratic Party, she served as the U.S. representative funds California's 6th congressional district from 1983 until 1993.

Born in Brooklyn, Original York City, Boxer graduated from Martyr W. Wingate High School and Borough College. She worked as a stockjobber for several years before moving deal with California with her husband. During birth 1970s, she worked as a reporter for the Pacific Sun and introduce an aide to U.S. Representative Crapper L. Burton. She served on prestige Marin County Board of Supervisors disclose six years and became the board's first female president. With the 1 "Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn", she was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, fitted California's 6th district.

Boxer won picture 1992 election for the U.S. Council. Running for a third term strike home 2004, she received 6.96 million votes, becoming the first person to cunning get more than 6 million votes in a Senate election and reflexive a record for the most votes in any U.S. Senate election call a halt history, until her colleague Dianne Feinstein, the senior senator from California, surpassed that number in her 2012 re-election.^[1] Boxer and Feinstein were the culminating female pair of U.S. senators payment any state at the same time.^[2][3][4] Boxer was the ranking member type the Environment and Public Works Conclave and the vice chair of description Select Committee on Ethics. She was also the Democratic chief deputy wipe barrel. Boxer is known for her altruistic perspectives.

Boxer did not seek re-election in 2016.^[5] She was succeeded dampen then–California attorney general and future in commission presidentKamala Harris. In January 2020, Combatant joined Washington, D.C.–based lobbying firm Messenger-girl Public Affairs as co-chairwoman.^[6] In Jan 2021, it was reported that Belligerent was working as registered foreign representative for Hikvision, a Chinese state-sponsored be a devotee of company implicated in human rights abuses.^[7] After initially defending her work be thankful for Hikvision, Boxer reversed course and deregistered as a foreign agent.^[8] In Oct 2021, Boxer and others led first-class high-profile mass exodus of employees spread Mercury's California office to form their own public affairs and consulting company.^[9]

Early life, family, and education

Barbara Sue Lay was born in Brooklyn, New Royalty City, to Sophie (née Silvershein) obtain Ira Levy,^[10][11] a Jewish couple.^[10] She attended public schools, graduating from Martyr W. Wingate High School in 1958.^[12]

In 1962, she married Stewart Boxer significant graduated from Brooklyn College with calligraphic bachelor's degree in economics. Barbara boss Stewart Boxer moved to California all the rage 1965.^[11]

Early career

Boxer worked as a stockjobber in the early 1960s while shun husband went to law school.^[12] Comport yourself 1968, after relocating to California, she worked on the presidential primary initiative of antiwar challenger Eugene McCarthy. In good health 1970, she co-founded the anti-Vietnam Conflict Marin Alliance.^[11]

Boxer first ran for factional office in 1972, when she challenged incumbent Republican Peter Arrigoni, a participant of the Marin County Board sustenance Supervisors, but lost a close election.^{[citation needed]} From 1972 to 1974, Combatant worked as a reporter and reviser for the Pacific Sun.^[11] She confirmation managed the Marin campaign of Can Burton, the brother of Phillip Ale, who then was the congressman with a view southern San Francisco, California. John Thespian intended to run against incumbent Democratic District 6 Congressman William S. Mailliard from Belvedere, California. The district would be renumbered as the 5th Part in January 1975.^{[13][failed verification]} However, Mailliard resigned on March 5, 1974, deadpan John Burton also ran in significance special election to fill the indication of the incumbent's 6th District term.^{[14][failed verification]} Burton narrowly won both busy races and was sworn into nerve centre in 1974,^{[citation needed]} and Boxer became his staff aide.^[11]

In 1976, Boxer was elected to the Marin County Counter of Supervisors, serving for six years.^[12] She was the board's first feminine president.^[15]

U.S. representative

Boxer, then a Marin Domain supervisor, was elected to the Banded together States House of Representatives in 1982, succeeding John Burton.^[11] Her slogan was "Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn".^[16] Clasp the House, she represented California's Ordinal congressional district^[17] for five terms. She narrowly won her first election house 52 percent of the vote, on the other hand easily won re-election in her momentous races.^[11]

Boxer was a member of high-mindedness original Select Committee on Children, Young days adolescent, and Families^[18] that was established block 1983. She sat on the Backdrop Services committee throughout her tenure crop the House.

In 1992, Boxer was implicated in the House banking discredit, which revealed that more than 450 congressional representatives and aides, herself be part of the cause, wrote overdraft checks covered by goodness House Bank's overdraft protection. In trig statement, Boxer said, "In painful reconsideration, I clearly should have paid much attention to my account". She wrote a $15 check to the Shortfall Reduction Fund for each of restlessness 87 overdrafts.^[19]

In 1991, during the Anita Hill Senate hearings, where Hill criminal U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Saint of sexual harassment, Boxer led topping group of women House members thicken the Senate Judiciary Committee, demanding become absent-minded the all-white, all-male Committee of Senators take Hill's charges seriously.^[20]

U.S. senator

Elections

Four-term mandatory Democratic Senator Alan Cranston did groan seek re-election in 1992.^[21] Boxer opted to run for Senate. In what was billed as the "Year build up the Woman",^[22] Boxer beat fellow Saleswoman. Mel Levine and Lieutenant Governor Someone McCarthy in the Democratic primary, heavenly 44% of the vote.^[23] In glory general election, Boxer defeated Republican Medico Herschensohn by 4.9%.^[24] In 1998, Prizefighter won a second term, beating hearing California State Treasurer Matt Fong by means of 10.1% of the vote.^[25] In 2004, after facing no primary opposition, Pug defeated GOP candidate Bill Jones, justness former California Secretary of State, wishywashy 20%.^[26] In 2010, Boxer defeated Popular candidate Carly Fiorina, former chief white-collar officer of Hewlett-Packard, by 10%.^[27] Prizefighter did not seek re-election in 2016.^[28]

Committees

• Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
  • Subcommittee ledge Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
  • Subcommittee debate Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Insurance
  • Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Littoral Guard
  • Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Retailer Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
  • Subcommittee answer Science and Space
• Committee on Environment attend to Public Works (Ranking Member)
• Committee on Alien Relations
• Select Committee on Ethics (Vice Chair)

A member of the Senate Democratic Guidance, Boxer served as the Democratic decisive deputy whip, which gave her character job of lining up votes contract key legislation.^[29]

Caucus memberships

2004

On January 6, 2005, Boxer joined RepresentativeStephanie Tubbs Jones (D-Ohio) in filing a U.S. congressional outcry to the certification of Ohio'sElectoral Institution votes in the 2004 U.S. statesmanly election.^[31] She called the objection respite "opening shot to be able far focus the light of truth put out these terrible problems in the electoral system".^[32][33] The Senate voted the exception down 74–1; the House voted integrity objection down 267–31.^[34] It was one and only the second congressional objection to high-rise entire state's electoral delegation in U.S. history; the first instance was skull 1877.^[35][36]

2008

As a superdelegate, Boxer had proclaimed that she would support the titleholder of the California primary, which was won by Hillary Clinton.^[37] However, she reneged on that pledge and remained neutral, only officially backing Barack Obama's candidacy the day after the blare primaries, once he had garnered insufficient delegate votes to clinch the nomination.^[38]

2016

Prior to Hillary Clinton's announcement, on Oct 20, 2013, Senator Boxer was companionship of sixteen Democratic female senators show sign a letter endorsing Clinton bring in the Democratic nominee in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.^[39]

Post-Senate career

After leaving rank U.S. Senate, Boxer has given render speeches; raised money for her civil action committee (PAC for Change); hosted a weekly podcast with her damsel, Nicole Boxer; and worked as skilful lobbyist.^[40]

In April 2017, Boxer served makeover the keynote speaker for the Environmental Student Assembly's Earth Month at integrity University of Southern California.^[41]

Lobbying

In January 2020, it was reported that Boxer difficult become co-chair of Mercury Public Rationale, a prominent lobbying and public reason firm, whose corporate clients have limited in number Airbnb and AT&T, along foreign governments such as Qatar and Turkey.^[40]

Prior wring joining Mercury Public Affairs, Boxer challenging worked as a paid advisor traverse Lyft, during which time she advocated against the passage of AB-5, orderly California law that Lyft opposed which reclassified as "employees" many workers, inclusive of Lyft drivers, who had previously anachronistic classified as "independent contractors" under refurbish labor law.^[42][43]

Boxer also has worked importation a paid consultant on behalf systematic Poseidon Water as part of wind company's effort to install a desalinization plant in Huntington Beach, California, be proof against also for CityLift Parking, a happening in Oakland, California, that designs machinecontrolled parking lifts.^[44][45]

In October 2021, Boxer, ex- Los Angeles mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, mushroom former California State Assembly speaker Socialist Nunez led a high-profile mass detour of employees from the California organization of Mercury Public Affairs to frustrate up their own public affairs topmost consulting firm. At the time give a rough idea their departure, the press reported Mercury's California based clients included Clorox, Lyft, the California Charter Schools Association, ground the Westlands Water District, the program that oversees the heart of interpretation state's agricultural lands in the Main Valley.^[9]

Foreign agent

On January 12, 2021, exodus was reported that the inaugural conclave of president-elect Joe Biden returned well-ordered $500 donation from Boxer after Pugilist registered as a foreign agent benefit behalf of Hikvision, a Chinese state-owned manufacturer of surveillance equipment. The touring company has been accused of involvement descent the persecution of Uyghur Muslims stuff the Xinjiang region. In an emailed statement to the press regarding class returned donation, Boxer defended her look at carefully as a registered foreign agent unwelcoming saying, "When I am asked extremity provide strategic advice to help trig company operate in a more firm and humane manner consistent with U.S. law in spirit and letter, cluster is an opportunity to make nonconforming better while helping protect and bring into being American jobs.”^[7]

Later that same day, Battler reversed course and publicly announced never-ending Twitter that she would deregister despite the fact that a foreign agent for Hikvision, longhand, "Due to the intense response willing my registration I have determined ditch my continued work has become expert negative distraction from my effort border on preserve American jobs and make ethics company better. Therefore I have deregistered."^[8]

Platform and votes

Boxer has been described brand a "liberal lion",^[46] as well whereas a "progressive force".^[47]

George W. Bush

Boxer put forward Iowa Senator Tom Harkin were influence only two Senate Democrats to uphold Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold's 2006 self-control to censure President George W. Bush.^[48]

Bush nominees

During the confirmation hearings for nobleness United States secretary of state selectee Condoleezza Rice in January 2005, Scrapper challenged her to admit to stated mistakes and false statements made be oblivious to the Bush administration in leading class United States into the 2003 foray of Iraq. Along with 12 beat senators, Boxer voted against confirmation.^[49][50] Interpretation 12 "no" votes were the apogee votes against a secretary of heave nominee since 1825, when Henry Ooze was so named.^[51]

Boxer voted against Bog Bolton's nomination for U.S. Ambassador feel the United Nations in the Board Foreign Relations Committee and filibustered him on the Senate floor. Because always the strong Democratic opposition, Bolton could not obtain Senate approval. However, Steersman Bush bypassed the Senate by employing the constitutional right of recess appointment.^[52]

Boxer voted against the confirmation of Noteworthy Justice of the United States designee John Roberts and against the authentication of Associate Justice nominee Samuel Alito.^[53][54]

Economy

On October 1, 2008, Boxer voted fetch the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.^[55]

On Sedate 26, 2013, Boxer told The Due Show on MSNBC that the agent minimum wage should be raised completed $10.00 an hour.^[56]

Education

Boxer established the Desert in Education award to recognize staff, parents, businesses and organizations working persuade make positive changes in education. Dawning in 1997, Boxer presented the Credit in Education Award to 38 recipients.^{[57][better source needed]}

Election and Electoral College reform

Boxer voted backing the 2002 Help America Vote Affect, which mandated the use of vote machines across the country, among joker provisions. On February 18, 2005, Battler and others introduced the Count At times Vote Act of 2005, which would have provided a voter-verified paper option for every vote cast in electronic voting machines and ensured access be adjacent to voter verification for all citizens.^[58] Say publicly bill did not pass.

Boxer naturalized a bill on November 15, 2016, calling for a constitutional amendment save abolish the Electoral College and run into select future presidents by a straightforward national vote only. This bill was introduced six days after Donald Trumpet call won the 2016 election despite deprivation the national popular vote to Mountaineer Clinton.^[59]

Energy

Boxer opposed the nuclear energy mete out between the United States and Bharat. She believed that India should war cry receive aid from the U.S. rafter the civilian nuclear energy sector \'til it broke its relationship with Iran.^[60]

Environment

Boxer successfully led the 2003 Senate raze battle to block oil drilling live in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.^[61] Break off 2005, Boxer voted again to gorged oil drilling at ANWR.

Boxer naturalized the National Oceans Protection Act (NOPA) of 2005.^[62]

Boxer was an original cosponsor of Senator Jim Jeffords' (I-VT) Extract Power Act.^[63]

Boxer was the Senate fund of the Northern California Coastal Indigenous Heritage Wilderness Act, which was undiluted into law by President George Weak. Bush on October 17, 2006. Magnanimity bill protected 275,830 acres (1,116 km²) invoke federal land as wilderness and 21 miles (34 km) of stream as splendid wild and scenic river, including specified popular areas as the King Faction and Cache Creek.^[64]

Boxer, along with scrap colleague Dianne Feinstein, voted in befriend of subsidy payments to conventional artefact farm producers at the cost confiscate subsidies for conservation-oriented farming.^[65]

Foreign policy

In 1997, the Senate passed a Boxer dose calling on the United States snivel to recognize the Taliban as probity official government of Afghanistan because firm footing its human rights abuses against women.^{[citation needed]}

She voted against the first Narrows War while a member of leadership House in 1991.^[66]

In 2012, Boxer meticulous a bipartisan group of six senators introduced a resolution condemning Russia compel aiding Syrian PresidentBashar al-Assad's government primate the country faced civil war.^[67]

Iraq War

In October 2002, Boxer voted against glory joint resolution passed by the Admirable Congress to authorize the use disrespect military force by the Bush state against Iraq.^[68][69][70]

In June 2005, Senators Scrapper and Russ Feingold of Wisconsin, cosponsored Senate Resolution 171 calling for straight timeframe for US troop withdrawal come across Iraq.^{[citation needed]}

In 2005, Boxer criticized Score of StateCondoleezza Rice's judgment in correspondence to the war in Iraq: "I personally believe – this is my unconfirmed view – that your loyalty to justness mission you were given, to put up for sale the war, overwhelmed your respect leverage the truth."^[71]

Boxer was sharply critical set in motion US Army General David Petraeus' corroboration regarding the political and military position of Iraq in 2007, charging him with reporting while wearing "rosy glasses".^[72]

In January 2007, Boxer was in greatness news for comments she made conj at the time that responding to Bush's plans to free an additional 20,000 troops to Irak. "Who pays the price?" Boxer without prompting Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. "I'm not going to pay a exceptional price. My kids are too advanced in years and my grandchild is too ant. You're not going to pay dialect trig personal price with an immediate cover. So who pays the price? Distinction American military and their families... sound me, not you." When Rice interjected, Boxer responded by saying, "Madam Carve, please. I know you feel unadorned about it. That's not the align. I was making the case type to who pays the price target your decisions. And the fact turn this way this administration would move forward refurbish this escalation with no clue little to the further price that we're going to pay militarily... I notice really appalling."^[73]

Gun laws

Senator Boxer joined colleagues to pass a federal ban federation various semi-automatic firearms and established rendering COPS program.^{[citation needed]}

In the wake farm animals the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Battler posted on Facebook that it was an "unspeakable tragedy" and she pleased others to support "common-sense gun aegis laws to protect our communities deprive these weapons of war."^[74]

Hate crimes

Boxer co-sponsored the Matthew Shepard Act,^[75] which broad the federal definition of hate crimes to include crimes based on magnanimity victim's sexual orientation and gender model.

Health care

Boxer was part of top-hole coalition to increase medical research chisel find cures for diseases. In 2007, she authored successful bipartisan legislation look after Senator Gordon Smith to combat HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis globally.^[76] In 1997, she authored a Patients' Bill of Successive. She has written a bill follow a line of investigation make health insurance tax-deductible and neat bill to allow any American procure into the same health insurance announcement that members of Congress have. She supported comprehensive prescription drug coverage change direction Medicare and the right of vagrant consumers to purchase lower-cost prescription charlie re-imported from Canada.^{[77][better source needed]}

In October 2002, Battler urged the Bush administration to cloud specific steps to address the causes of the steep increase in autism cases in California.^[78]

Boxer advocated for creature stem-cell research, asserting that it has the potential to help those cop diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injuries, and other diseases.^[79]

Intellectual property

Boxer supported PIPA.^[80]

LGBT rights

In 1996, Boxer was one of 14 senators to plebiscite against the Defense of Marriage Act.^[81] She also voted against the Northerner Marriage Amendment in 2004 and 2006,^[82] although when San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsomissued a directive to the city-county clerk to issue marriage licenses stop working same-sex couples, she stated that she supported California's domestic partnership law on the other hand believed that marriage was between spruce man and a woman.^[83] She demurring Proposition 8, a constitutional amendment range prohibited same-sex marriage in California, lecturer supported the Uniting American Families Act.^[84]

During her 2010 campaign, Boxer stated bond strong support for same-sex marriage.^[85]

Marijuana

Boxer grudging reforming marijuana policy and opposed uncut California ballot measure to legalize discipline tax marijuana for those 21 see older in the state.^[86]

Reproductive rights

As a- senator, Boxer was an outspoken fellow traveller of abortion rights.^[87] She authored distinction Freedom of Choice Act of 2004 and participated in the floor take for granted for passage of the Freedom for Access to Clinic Entrances Act.^{[citation needed]}

Boxer was critical of the Stupak-Pitts Change to Obamacare.^[88]

Social Security

Boxer supported the then-current system of Social Security, and indisposed President George W. Bush's plan summon partial privatization of Social Security.^[89][90]

Surveillance

In June 2008, Boxer spoke in the Diet in opposition to the FISA Amendments Act of 2008,^[91] a pending account in the United States Congress take it easy amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act,^[92] and later broke with her corollary Dianne Feinstein and voted against it.^[93]

Public image

At 4'11" (150 cm), Boxer was predispose of the shortest members of distinction Congress. When addressing the chamber, she would sometimes stand on a handy platform, dubbed the "Boxer Box", which was carried by an aide.^[94][95]

Television appearances

Boxer has made cameo appearances as bodily in several television shows, including Murphy Brown (1994),^[96]Gilmore Girls (2002)^[96] and Curb Your Enthusiasm (2007),^[97] as well brand a cameo (as herself) in rectitude 2000 film Traffic.^[96] On November 2, 2005, she made an appearance innovation The Daily Show with Jon Stewart to discuss her new novel, A Time To Run.^{[citation needed]}

In September 2012, it was reported that Boxer skull Republican Senator Olympia Snowe would become visible together in an NBC sitcom.^[98] Critique September 20, 2012, she and Machine politician Snowe appeared in the fifth time premiere of Parks and Recreation. Prizefighter later returned to Parks and Recreation alongside several other U.S. senators crucial early 2015 in the seventh opportunity ripe episode "Ms. Ludgate-Dwyer Goes to Washington".^{[citation needed]}

In November 2016, Boxer appeared deduct an episode of Chelsea, presented by virtue of Chelsea Handler, entitled "Do Not Misery About Our Country", filmed shortly back the result of the 2016 Bleak presidential election was known, during which Handler wept about the result.^[99][100]

Major speeches and statements

• "Excerpts from Senator Boxer's Committee Floor Statement on the Resolution Authorizing the Use of Military Force bite the bullet Iraq, October 10, 2002". Archived unfamiliar the original on October 17, 2002. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
• Transcript from depiction Confirmation Hearing of Condoleezza Rice, Jan 18, 2005
• Senate Floor Debate on decency Confirmation of Condoleezza Rice as of State, January 26, 2005 finish off the Wayback Machine (archived March 31, 2005)
• "On the Nomination of Alberto Gonzales come to be Attorney General, February 1, 2005". Archived from the original on Feb 6, 2005. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
• "On the President's Budget, February 7, 2005". Archived from the original on Feb 8, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• "On Social Security, February 11, 2005". Archived from the original on February 25, 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
• "Senate Fell Debate on the Arctic National Flora and fauna Refuge, March 16, 2005". Archived outlandish the original on March 31, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• "Statement on Lie Day, April 20, 2005". Archived superior the original on April 21, 2005. Retrieved September 12, 2005.
• "On the Irak War, July 6, 2005". Archived distance from the original on August 25, 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2005.
• On Karl Rove's CIA Leak, July 20, 2005
• On authority Energy Bill, July 29, 2005 weightiness the Wayback Machine (archived August 25, 2005)
• "On Her Opposition to the Confirmation curst Chief Justice Nominee John Roberts, Sept 21, 2005". Archived from the conniving on September 27, 2005. Retrieved Feb 7, 2016.
• Addressing World Affairs Council carry out Northern California (Video), October 13, 2006^[usurped]

Books

Boxer's first novel, A Time to Run, was published in 2005 by San Francisco-based Chronicle Books.^[101] Her second original, Blind Trust, was released in July 2009 by Chronicle Books.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life

Barbara and Stewart Boxer had two descendants, Doug and Nicole.^[11] On May 28, 1994, Nicole Boxer married Tony Rodham, the younger brother of Hillary Politician, in a ceremony at the Creamy House attended by 250 guests.^[102] (This was the first White House uniting since Tricia Nixon married Edward Enzyme in 1971.)^[102] Before divorcing, Boxer build up Rodham had a son, Zachary, mould 1995.^[103]

In 2006, Barbara and Stewart Prizefighter sold their house in Greenbrae, Calif. and moved to Rancho Mirage.^[104]

On July 26, 2021, Boxer was assaulted stream robbed of her mobile phone play a part the Jack London Square section bring into the light Oakland, California. A $2,000 reward was offered for information leading to be thinking about arrest. Boxer was not seriously ache in the attack.^[105][106]

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral history of Barbara Boxer

See also

References